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M33高密度分子ガス観測にむけて Dense Cloud Formation & Global Star Formation in M33

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Presentation on theme: "M33高密度分子ガス観測にむけて Dense Cloud Formation & Global Star Formation in M33"— Presentation transcript:

1 M33高密度分子ガス観測にむけて Dense Cloud Formation & Global Star Formation in M33
田村陽一 (東大・天文M1, ALMA-J/NAOJ) 第4回 北海道大学 October 18-19, 2004

2 M33 R.A. 01h 34m Decl. +30o 40' Type SA(s)cd Distance 0.85Mpc
Inclination Diameter Weak bulge No SMBH? (Merritt et al. 2001) Huge star forming region in outer disk NGC 604, NGC595.. 01h 34m +30o 40' SA(s)cd 0.85Mpc 56o 71'x42'

3 M33 Spitzer/IRAC (3.6, 4.5, 8 um) Hα Polomski et al. 2004
Cheng et al. 1996

4 M33 NGC604 必要? HST/STScI

5 Why M33? なにより近い. GMCの空間分布が直接わかる. すばる望遠鏡で個々の星が分解されている. 比較的低赤緯 → ALMAへ
Inclinationが小さい. Disk/armの存在 すばる望遠鏡で個々の星が分解されている. High-mass star? / low-mass star? Color → Type → Age of GMCs 比較的低赤緯 → ALMAへ NMA/すばるによる高分解能観測によって,現時点で最も詳細に星形成の大局的な描像を知りうる唯一の銀河.

6 GMCs in M33 C. Wilson et al. w/ OVRO array
The BIMA All-Disk Survey (Engargiola et al. 2003) 12CO(1-0) 148 GMCs detected Heyer et al. w/ FCRAO 14m (2004) Diffuseな成分も検出 M(H2) = 2.6x108 Mo MWに類似した性質 Size, Mass,…

7 GMCs in M33 NGC505 NGC604 Wilson & Scoville
BIMA on FCRAO14m (Engargiola et al. 2003, Heyer et al. 2004)

8 The BIMA All-Disk Survey
(Engargiola et al. 2003) 148GMCs detected Mmolecule  =4.5x107 Mo 2.5x104Mo - 8x105Mo Lifetime = Myr Engargiola et al. 2003, Deul & der Hulst 1987

9 GMC Mass Spectrum of M33 dN/dM=K(M/Mo)-α 3x104-8x106 Mo ~2000 GMCs
α=2.6 for M33 3x104-8x106 Mo ~2000 GMCs Index α for MW (e.g. Solomon et al. 1987) 1.5(1.9)±0.5 for LMC (Mizuno et al. 2001) Engargiola et al. 2003

10 GMC Formation in M33 The BIMA Survey II (Rosolowsky et al. 2004)
BIMA C array (4" resolution ⇔ 20pc) 20 GMCs resolved Size, Line width → Virial mass Angular momentum HI gasの凝集 理論より角運動量が小さい. GMC形成理論に対する大きな制限 磁場によるブレーキ? 図が必要.

11 Star Formation in M33 Schmidt Law SFR = 0.24 Mo yr-1
ΣSFR ∝ (Σmolecule)n n=0.9±0.1 (Engargiola et al. 2003) n=1.36±0.08 (Heyer et al. 2004) SFR = 0.24 Mo yr-1 分子ガス消費時間 = 1.9x108 yr 比較的短い. Mass spectrumと関連?

12 Star Formation in M33 GMC ⇔ HII region offset Δr 典型的には~150pc
Engargiola et al. 2003

13 Phase Transitions of Gases and Star Formation in Arms
HI 175 pc GMC Dense gas / Core Star formation Mizuno+のGMC phaseの図が必要. Wilson & Scoville 1991

14 Dense Molecular Gas Observation with Nobeyama Millimeter Array

15 Phase Transitions of Gases and Star Formation in Arms
HI filaments GMCs Dense Molecular Clouds 13CO, HCN, HCO+ …and Star formation Hα / free-free emission Main sequence stars Subaru/Suprime-Cam HI GMC Dense gas / Core Star formation

16 Phase Transitions of Gases and Star Formation in Arms
Clock (OB) Stars すばる/Suprime-Cam Arm - HII region offset 江草ほか なんてん ~ GMC phases Yamaguchi et al. 2001 HI GMC Dense gas / Core Star formation

17 Dense Gas Observation with NMA
Armにそって GMCを複数個 似たmass/sizeのものを選択 Gasの流れを追う ガスの時間変化/進化/相転移 大規模星形成領域 Pre- Star Formation Ongoing Star Formation Post- Star Formation NMA

18 Dense Gas Observation with NMA
GMC Young Stars Dense Molecular Gas Spiral Arm HII Region

19 How are GMCs in Extra-Galaxies seen with ALMA?

20 The Local Group Galaxies
~0.1" Resolution ⇔ 0.4 pc ~ 1x105 M33 (0.85Mpc) MCの内部構造(clump, filament,..)まで見える. 系内GMC研究への歩み寄り(相補的) [CI] line GMC forming stage, Photo-Dissociation Region OMC w/ 1m M33 w/ ALMA Distance 390 pc 0.85 Mpc Resolution 9' 0.1 " (linear) 1 pc 0.4 pc

21 Nearby Galaxies with D<20Mpc
~0.1" Resolution ⇔ 10 Virgo (20Mpc) FoV of ALMA = 40" ⇔ 4kpc 前述のNMAやBIMAのM33の観測をVirgo clusterで. 数~10視野程度でdisk全体をカバーできる. 1視野あたり~102 GMCs! 銀河ごとのGMCの性質を統計的に議論することが可能. Flocculent ⇔ Grand-design ? GMC mass spectrum Schmidt law

22 Summary Armにおけるガス進化・大局的な星形成をこれから見たい.
Dense gas observation w/ NMA M33/disk galaxyにおける銀河規模のGMCの諸性質が見えてきた. The BIMA All-Disk Survey C. Wilson et al. w/ OVRO The Local Group Galaxies MWと相補的 Nearby galaxies 様々な銀河で GMCを統計的に扱うことが可能に. より小さいスケールへ より多くのサンプルを


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