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All Rights Reserved, Copyright (C) Donovan School of English

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1 All Rights Reserved, Copyright (C) Donovan School of English
接続詞(1) All Rights Reserved, Copyright (C) Donovan School of English

2 Overview 接続詞とは 等位接続詞 等位接続詞を用いた重要表現 従位接続詞 (名詞節を導くもの)
従位接続詞 (時を表す副詞節を導くもの) 従位接続詞 (理由を表す副詞節を導くもの) 従位接続詞 (条件を表す副詞節を導くもの) 従位接続詞 (譲歩を表す副詞節を導くもの)

3 接続詞とは 接続詞は等位接続詞と従位接続詞に分けられる。 ①等位接続詞 = 文法的に等しい位のものを接続する品詞で、<語と語> <句と句> <節と節>を結び付ける役割がある。 ※句 = 2つ以上の語が集まって一つの意味のかたまりになるもの。 ※節 = 2つ以上の語が集まった意味のかたまりの中にSVを含むもの。 ②従位接続詞 = 主節に従属する節を接続する品詞。

4 等位接続詞(1) Ken and I are going to enjoy my birthday party tonight.
<語と語>を結び付けている。 This flower is nice and beautiful. We played football and swam at the beach. <句と句>を結び付けている。 Azumi is kind but lazy. Azumi is kind, but [yet] she is lazy. (= Azumi is kind. But [Yet] she is lazy.) <節と節>を結び付けている。

5 等位接続詞(2) Which car do you like better, Porsche or Mercedes-Benz?
<語と語>を結び付けている。 Azumi is kind, so I like her. (= Azumi is kind. So I like her.) <節と節>を結び付けている。

6 等位接続詞を用いた重要表現(1) ☆ “命令文, and S will V” 「~しなさい。そうすれば…だろう」
Hurry up, and you will make it to the plane. (= If you hurry up, you will make it to the plane.) 「急ぎなさい。そうすれば飛行機に間に合うよ。」 ※【口語表現】 make it 「間に合う」「成功する」 ☆ “名詞, and S will V”      「~すれば…だろう」 A little more effort, and you’ll make it. (= If you make a little more effort, you’ll make it. ) 「あともうちょっとがんばれば、成功するでしょう。」

7 等位接続詞を用いた重要表現(2) ☆ “命令文, or SV” 「~しなさい。さもなくば…」☆
Hurry up, or you won’t make it to the plane. (= If you don’t hurry up, you won’t make it to the plane.) (= Unless you hurry up, you won’t make it to the plane.) 「急ぎなさい。さもなくば飛行機に間に合わないよ。」

8 従位接続詞(名詞節を導くもの) I think that Apple Watch is a big success.
“I think”が主節。これに従属する節が “Apple Watch is a big success”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “that”。 Rudy said that it was freezing outside. “Rudy”が主節。これに従属する節が “it was freezing outside”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “that”。 I’m sorry that I skipped class yesterday. “I’m sorry”が主節。これに従属する節が “I skipped class yesterday”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “that”。

9 従位接続詞(時を表す副詞節を導くもの)(1)
I liked physics when I was at school. (= When I was at school, I liked physics.) “I liked physics”が主節。これに従属する節が “I was at school”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “when”。 While I was playing the violin, my wife suddenly came in. (= My wife suddenly came in, while I was playing the violin.) “My wife suddenly came in”が主節。これに従属する節が “I was playing the violin”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “while”。 As I entered the room, they applauded. 【ジーニアス英和大辞典】 (= They applauded as I entered the room.) “they applauded”が主節。これに従属する節が “I entered the room”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “as”。

10 従位接続詞(時を表す副詞節を導くもの)(2)
Before you start cooking, make sure (that) your hands are clean. (= Make sure (that) your hands are clean before you start cooking.) “make sure (that) your hands are clean”が主節。これに従属する節が “you start cooking”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “before”。 After you graduate from high school, what are you going to do? (= What are you going to do after you graduate from high school?) “what are you going to do”が主節。これに従属する節が “you graduate from high school”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “after”。

11 従位接続詞(理由を表す副詞節を導くもの)
Because he overslept, he was late for school. 【ジーニアス英和大辞典】 (= He was late for school because he overslept.) “he was late for school”が主節。これに従属する節が “he overslept”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “because”。 Since [As] no one in the class likes sushi, we should order pizza for lunch. “we should order pizza for lunch”が主節。これに従属する節が “no one in the class likes sushi”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “since [as]”。

12 従位接続詞(条件を表す副詞節を導くもの)
If it rains, you are going to get wet. (= You are going to get wet if it rains.) “you are going to get wet”が主節。これに従属する節が “it rains”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “if”。 I can't ​let you in unless you have your student ID card. (= Unless you have your student ID card, I can’t let you in.) “I can’t let you in”が主節。これに従属する節が “you have your student ID card”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “unless”。

13 従位接続詞(譲歩を表す副詞節を導くもの)
Although [Though] Sarah tripped on a rock, no one in the class worried about her. (=No one in the class worried about her although Sarah tripped on a rock.) “no one in the class worried about her”が主節。これに従属する節が “Sarah tripped on a rock”。これら2つの節を接続するのが従位接続詞 “although [though]”。


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