Introduction to Organic Compounds

Presentation on theme: "Introduction to Organic Compounds"— Presentation transcript:

1 Introduction to Organic Compounds
Chap.1　　Part 2 Introduction to Organic Compounds §１　代表的な有機化合物 §２　アルキル基（有機化合物の部分構造名） §３　官能基(functional groups) §４　分子間力(molecular force) §５　溶解(solubility) §６　酸と塩基(solubility) §７　酸塩基性と構造との関係 §８　酸塩基性としての有機化学反応 §９　有機反応機構(mechanism)

2 Summary of Important Families of Organic Compounds
官能基(Functional group)

3 Summary (cont.)

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5 Alkyl Halides 官能基が結合する炭素の種類 1級炭素 ２級炭素 ３級炭素 Alcohols

6 Physical Properties and Molecular Structure
= ≡

7 分子間力 イオン結合 双極子・双極子引力 水素結合 Van der Waals 結合（疎水結合）

8 Ion-Ion Forces very strong forces that hold a solid compound
consisting of ions together in a crystalline lattice Boiling points are so high that organic ions often decompose before they boil mp 324℃ CH3COO- Na+ 融解 17℃ CH3COOH

9 Dipole-Dipole Forces Dipole-dipole forces are between molecules
　 with permanent dipoles Example: acetone

10 Hydrogen Bonds Hydrogen bonds result from very strong
　 dipole-dipole forces ●酸素原子 ○ 水素原子 Example: 　水 H2O

11 Example: Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
Bp oC methyl ether (CH3OCH3) bp oC

12 mpを決定する要素：分子間力 C4H9-OH異性体 水素結合＋
symmetrical molecules tend to pack better in the crystalline lattice and have higher melting points

13 van der Waals Forces (London or Dispersion Forces)
無極性分子間にも引力が働く Mp of methane (CH4) -162oC ethane (C2H6) oC Larger organic molecules tend to have more surface area in contact with each other and so have stronger van der Waals interactions

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16 Solubilities 溶解 Water dissolves ionic solids by forming
　　strong dipole-ion interactions These dipole-ion interactions are powerful enough to overcome lattice energy and interionic interactions in the solid

17 有機化合物は水に溶けるか？ 溶ける例 アルコール：水 溶けない例 エーテル：水 油（アルカン）：水 Hexane
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Hexane

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アルコール類の水溶性 　CnH2n+1-OH n<3 水溶性 n>4 難溶性 n>6 水に不溶