難民支援チャリティー・セミナー はじめてのTOEIC 2015

Presentation on theme: "難民支援チャリティー・セミナー はじめてのTOEIC 2015"— Presentation transcript:

1 難民支援チャリティー・セミナー はじめてのTOEIC 2015
高木直之

2 今日の流れ 言語とは？ 言葉は部品でできている （品詞） 動詞は主語を受け時制を表す 動詞は分詞となって名詞や動詞を修飾する 形容詞と副詞
言葉は部品でできている　（品詞） 動詞は主語を受け時制を表す 動詞は分詞となって名詞や動詞を修飾する 形容詞と副詞 前置詞・接続詞 聴き取れないのはなぜ？

3 言語の4技能と3要素 Listening Speaking Reading Writing 語彙 （4技能すべてにかかわる）
語彙　　（4技能すべてにかかわる） 文法　　（4技能すべてにかかわる） 音声　　（Listening/Speaking のみ）

4 あなたの学習目標は？ 実際に仕事で英語を使うか NO：とにかく点を取る！ YES: どの技能が重要か？ メール 商談 論文・資料を読む
実際に仕事で英語を使うか　　 　NO：とにかく点を取る！ YES: どの技能が重要か？ メール 商談 論文・資料を読む プレゼン 海外との電話（会議）

5 ゴールはどうあれまず語彙と文法 知らない単語は読んでも聞いてもわからない 知らない単語は書いたりしゃべったりできない
書けないことはしゃべれない 読んでわからなければ、聞いてもわからない 知っている単語がならんでいても文法がわからなければ、意味がわからない 動詞の暗記は使い方のパターンと共に 機能語（前置詞・接続詞・関係詞など）の克服

6 文の構造 I know that that that that that man used in that sentence is wrong. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. The way he said that made me wonder if he was telling the truth. He finally solved the long standing but unanswered question. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the USA and to the republic for which it stands.

7 動詞の活用　 書く　⇒　書きたくなかった 切る ⇒ 着る ⇒ 刷る ⇒ する ⇒ 怒る ⇒ 来る ⇒

8 目的語を主語にして受身の文に 不規則動詞の活用を暗記！ You must wear safety shoes.
We always keep this door closed. They gave three exams last week. We have already chosen a new president. They are building many houses. 不規則動詞の活用を暗記！

9 述語動詞が時制・態・法を決める He (run) tomorrow morning. He (run) every morning.
He (run) yesterday. He (run) yet this morning. He isn’t home. He (run) now. He (run) since 7 o’clock.

10 現在と現在進行 He gets up early every morning.
I teach English at a university in Tokyo. I am teaching English (right) now. 状態動詞に進行なし 　　 be, like, love, want, know, belong, etc. every ～　＝　現在形　（3単現在に注意） (right) now = 現在進行

11 過去と現在完了 現在完了今のこと The door is closing, closing and it has closed.
I have never seen snow. 疑問詞whenは過去形と When did you last visit NYC? 明確に過去を表す語句は過去形と 　　X years/weeks ago, last year, in 2000

12 過去進行と過去完了 When I came home, my wife was sleeping.
When I came home, my wife had gone to bed. When I arrived, the train had already left. When I arrived, the train was leaving.

13 直説法過去と仮定法過去 I had her phone number then, and so I called her.
If I had her phone number, I could call her. I had known her for 5 years when we got married. If I had know her, I would have introduced you to her.

14 助動詞の仮定法過去形 I could have danced all night.
Would you mind opening the door? I wouldn’t do that. Who’s ready for another slice of turkey? I couldn’t eat any more. John was ready. I will.

15 時制がカギになるPart2の問題 Did you have a good time in Tokyo?
Yes, I’ll be there soon. Tokyo is a wonderful city. It couldn’t have been better.

16 自動詞と他動詞 目的語がなく「SがVする」 ⇒ 自動詞 目的語を持ち「SがOをVする」 ⇒ 他動詞 目的語の有無でどちらにもなる動詞
　　　open, close, drop, turn, change, break もっぱら自動詞のみ fall, go, come, もっぱら他動詞のみ appreciate, include, delay, excite, surprise

17 ～している が過去分詞になる例 The car is parking/parked. 自動詞の-ingは進行、-edは完了
～している　が過去分詞になる例 The car is parking/parked. 自動詞の-ingは進行、-edは完了 　　 That was my dream come true. I am so surprising/surprised. 他動詞の-ing (人を～させるような） 　　 他動詞の-ed （～された）

18 主語が人にある感情を いだかせる他動詞 surprise, startle, shock
amaze, entertain, interest, please, satisfy tire, exhaust, bore, cofuse disgust, appall, disappoint frustrate, irritate, annoy

19 To不定詞か動名詞か be used to used to object to refuse to look forward to

20 使役動詞 Please don’t make me (cry). Let it (go). I had my hair (do)
I had my brother (help) me. I got my finger (catch). I got my brother (help) me.

21 知覚動詞 I heard my name (call). I heard him (yell) at his boy.
I have never heard her (complain).

22 文か名詞か？ the man introduced me to her the man introduced to me by her
the man was introduced to me by her the baby sleeping in the bed people surprised at the news many people attended the party many people who attended the party the people I met at the party

23 Parts 5 & 6 動詞活用問題 sent, send, sends, sending 品詞問題
quiet, quietly, quietest, quietness 基本語彙問題 neither, yet, so, both 語彙問題 clearly, freely, deeply, sharply

24 まず述語動詞か否か 述語動詞なら時制と態を決める 述語動詞以外なら　to不定詞、原形不定詞、 　　-ing, -ed　のどれか

25 品詞の復習 動詞 主語を受ける述語動詞 時制・態・法をあらわす 分詞が名詞を修飾 分詞構文（分詞の副詞的用法）
動詞 　主語を受ける述語動詞 　　　　　　　　 　　時制・態・法をあらわす 　分詞が名詞を修飾 　 　分詞構文（分詞の副詞的用法） 　to 不定詞・原形不定詞・動名詞 名詞　　　 主語・目的語・補語になる 形容詞　　名詞を修飾 副詞　　　 動詞・形容詞・副詞を修飾

26 名詞の来る場所 a friend of mine/the tour of the museum my beautiful wife
a highly remarkable achievement each/every applicant all employees Things are under/out of control. He is in charge of recruitment. a factory tour 名詞＋名詞に注意

27 形容詞の来る場所 a live report He was alive. We found it difficult to V.
The man was found dead. The man found dead has not been identified. the man responsible for recruitment those present at the seminar people involved the best person available

28 副詞はなくても文が成立 a beautifully restored house The door suddenly opened.
We thank you for generously supporting us. We thank you for supporting us generously. They tried to quickly solve the problem. They tried to solve the problem quickly.

29 人を表す語尾 scholar, actor, editor, teacher, lawyer actress, waitress
pedestrian, historian, librarian, physician applicant, assistant, accountant client, patient (形容詞も） dentist, psychologist, physicist employee, trainee, examinee pioneer, engineer

30 抽象名詞の語尾 damage, advantage, shortage allowance, appearance
independence, difference tendency, fluency appointment, development, environment happiness, kindness, illness action, intention, suggestion beauty, poverty, prosperity, activity

31 形容詞を作る語尾 desirable, advisable, usable, sensible
careful, useful, dreadful careless, useless, harmless monthly, daily, heavenly （名詞＋ｌｙ） dangerous, obvious, fabulous artistic, economic economical, political creative, positive, affirmative

32 -ateに注意 名詞 chocolate, ｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅ a university graduate a good estimate
形容詞　 intricate, elaborate, moderate 動詞　　 communicate, eradicate, annihilate 　　　　　　 to graduate from a university to estimate the number of people

33 裏切り者に注意 representative 代表者 additive 添加物 preservative 防腐剤 initiative 計画
statistic 　統計値 statistical 　統計の　 implement　実施する supplement　補う

34 Part 1 :進行と状態の区別 People are taking their seats.
People are seated at their own desks. Labels are being attached to pieces of cheese. Labels are attached to pieces of cheese. Bedding has been folded. Bedding is being folded. The woman is putting on her glasses. The woman is wearing glasses.

35 Part 1 の語彙 (付録を参照） 位置関係を表す表現（主に前置詞） on/above/under/in front of etc.
状態を表す動詞 be seated/piled/arranged etc. 動作を表す動詞 　　walk, dance, lean, hold, pick, etc. 写真に出てくる人やものの名前 pedestrian, janitor, refrigerator, etc.

36 Part 2 対策 質問の出だしに全神経を集中！ 時制の区別をしっかりと ひねりの入った答えに注意 否定疑問に気をつけろ
仮定法に惑わされるな！ 肯定文の発言に対する応答に要注意

37 Part 3 & Part 4 知らない単語は聞き取れない 弱く曖昧に聞こえる機能語 前置詞・接続詞・冠詞・代名詞・助動詞 つながる音
　　　前置詞・接続詞・冠詞・代名詞・助動詞 つながる音 消える音 US・CANADA発音 vs. UK・AUS発音