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地震波の種類・伝わり方 P 波、S 波、表面波 1
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応力と歪 (テンソル量) 歪(ひずみ) Strain 1+DV/V= (1+Dl/l)3 ~ 1+ 3Dl/l すなわち DV/V=3Dl/l (無限小歪の時)
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応力(Stress)
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弾性定数のいろいろ (応力と歪の関係)
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m m
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Refraction and Reflection of a Beam of Light
屈折 Refraction Reflection 反射
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地震波の記録:P, PP, S 波と表面波
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Comparison of P-wave and S-wave Motion
SH波とSV波 S波には二つの振動モードがある。 極性(Polarization) 8
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2種類の表面波 Surface Waves Rayleigh wave レイリー波 Love wave ラブ波
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地震波の反射と屈折 Snell(スネル)の法則 入射波 屈折波 反射波 P波 P波、SV波 SH波 SV波 P波、SV波
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広帯域ディジタル地震計観測点Map of GSN & FDSN
質の良い、密度の高い観測網 11
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内核の発見(1936) Dr. Inge Lehmann ( ), 内核の発見者 Born in Denmark in 1888 The existence of an inner core distinct from the liquid outer core was discovered in 1936 by seismologist Inge Lehmann[3] using observations of earthquake-generated seismic waves that partly reflect from its boundary and can be detected by sensitive seismographs on the Earth's surface.
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P-波の伝播 13
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S-波の伝播 14
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P-波とS-波の伝播経路 15 Fig. 19.3
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Seismic Tomography Scan of a Section of the Mantle
Subducted slab Fig. 19.9
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Earthquake terms focus: site of initial rupture 震源:最初に破壊した場所
epicenter: point on surface above the focus 震央:震源上の地表の点
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Elastic Rebound Theory
Fig. 18.1a
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Elastic Rebound Theory
Fig. 18.1b
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Elastic Rebound Theory
震央 震源 Fig. 18.1c
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Elastic Rebound Theory
すべり量 Fig. 18.1d
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Time Lag Between S and P waves as with Distance from Epicenter
Fig. 18.9a
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Seismic Travel-time Curve 走時曲線
傾き dT/d△ Slowness (min/km) Fig. 18.9b 震央距離 Δ (度)
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Locating the Epicenter
Fig. 18.9c
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波線(lay path)と走時曲線
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