Special Adoption System: Beneficial or Harmful for children? B15498 Ayako Osawa

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Figure1: The number of children who died by abusing （Florence’s baby adoption）

Figure 2:Content of Consultations at Child-Welfare Centers (1997-2013) （Movements of “Orenji Ribon”）

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

（TV Asahi Corporation）

Figure 3: Overall figure of children who need alternative care 社会的養護 家庭養護 養子縁組 里親委託 施設養護 児童養護施設　 乳児院

2.What is special adoption? 原則として6歳未満の子どもの福祉のため特に 必要があるときに、子どもとその実親側との法 律上の親族関係を消滅させ、実親子関係に準 じる安定した養親子関係を家庭裁判所が成立 させる縁組制度です（6才未満から事実上養育 していたと認められた場合は8才未満まで可 能) （Nippon Foundation　Project of “Happy Yurikago”）

Difference between Usual Adoption and Special Adoption formation Family court Blood relation lapse Registration Son, daughter Dissolve Unacceptable Age of a child Under 6 Inheritance Not for blood relatives formation Foster parents and blood parents Blood relation remain Registration Adopted son, daughter Dissolve Acceptable Age of a child No limitation Inheritance Both （Nippon Foundation　Project of “Happy Yurikago”）

How special adoption works? （Yomiuri Online, 2013）

Figure 4: The number of institution and nursery (1993-2013) (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare)

Figure 5: The number of Children who are in the each institution (1993-2013) （Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare）

Figure 6: The rate of each alternative child care （Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare）

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Special Adoption System: Beneficial or Harmful for children?

2.Defining terms Harmful Causing physical, mentally and psychologically harm :used especially about things that cause harm to your health, the environment etc. (based on Longman Dictionary) Beneficial Having a good effect on physical, mentally and psychologically.

Special Adoption System: Beneficial or Harmful for children? ⬇️ Special adoption system having physical, mentally and psychologically harm for children or having positive affect on children?

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

3.Evidence for beneficial 3.1 Family environment is better for children. 3.2 Financial security

3.Evidence for beneficial 3.1 Family environment is better for children. 3.2 Financial security

3.1 Family environment is better for children UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 3 ・3.2締約国は、児童の父母、法定保護者又は児童について　 法的に責任を有する他の者の権利及び義務を考慮に入れて、 児童の福祉に必要な保護及び養護を確保することを約束し、 このため、すべての適当な立法上及び行政上の措置をとる。 ・　3.3締約国は、児童の養護又は保護のための施設、役務 の提供及び設備が、特に安全及び健康の分野に関し並びに これらの職員の数及び適格性並びに適正な監督に関し権限 のある当局の設定した基準に適合することを確保する。 (unicef Convention on the Right of the Children)

UN 児童の代替的養護に関する方針 2.(a) 児童が家族の養護を受け続けられるようにするための活動、又は児童を家族の養護のもとに戻すための活動を支援し、それに失敗した場合は、養子縁組やイスラム法におけるカファーラなどの適当な永続的解決策を探ること。 （Resolution adopted by the General Assembly Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children）

2.Defining terms Harmful Causing physical, mentally and psychologically harm :used especially about things that cause harm to your health, the environment etc. (based on Longman Dictionary) Beneficial Having a good effect on physical, mentally and psychologically.

3.Evidence for beneficial 3.1 Family environment is better for children. 3.2 Financial security

3.Evidence for beneficial 3.1 Family environment is better for children. 3.2 Financial security

3.2 Financial security Figure 7: The rate of choices after graduation （Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare）

Figure 8: The Average of annul salary (1995-2011) (WEB Finance Newspaper, 2011)

2.Defining terms Harmful Causing physical, mentally and psychologically harm :used especially about things that cause harm to your health, the environment etc. (based on Longman Dictionary) Beneficial Having a good effect on physical, mentally and psychologically.

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

4.Evidence for harmful 4.1 Depriving parental right. 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption.

4.Evidence for harmful 4.1 Depriving parental right. 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption system.

4.1 Depriving parental right ・Historical important in Japanese culture from Meiji era. 日本では諸外国と比してとりわけ親権が強い傾向にあるという問題が あります。日本の民法は親権者に広範な権限を与えており、公的介入 の必要性と手段が定められていません。 (Living in Peace) ・We deprive the parental rights forever. It would not be recover again.

2.Defining terms Harmful Causing physical, mentally and psychologically harm :used especially about things that cause harm to your health, the environment etc. (based on Longman Dictionary) Beneficial Having a good effect on physical, mentally and psychologically.

4.Evidence for harmful 4.1 Depriving parental right 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption

4.Evidence for harmful 4.1 Depriving parental right 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption

4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption 里親として受け入れた女子中学生の体を触っ たとして、甲賀署は21日、強制わいせつの疑 いで、甲賀市土山町山中、無職杉岡博容疑者 （62）を逮捕した。逮捕容疑は昨年８月中旬の 深夜、容疑者宅２階で寝ていた県内の当時中 学２年の女子生徒（14）の体を触った疑い。杉 岡容疑者は「やっていない」と否認していると いう。 （Kyoto Shinbun, 2010）

８月２４日早朝、Aちゃんが自宅の地下一階の階段下で 倒れているのが発見された。救急車で病院に運ばれた が死亡。「運ばれた病院で、里親となった夫婦の説明に つじつまがあわないところがあったり、Aちゃんの死体の 様子などから、階段から落ちた単なる“転落死”ではなく、 虐待の可能性があるのではないかと病院が杉並区児童 相談所に通報した。いわゆる事件性があるのではないか と考えられているのです」（医療関係者） （Jyosei Sebun, 2010）

Ustunomiya foster child injury resulting in death (宇都宮里子傷害致死事件) (Tsuzaki, Testuro 2010 Konokuni no Kodomotachi: Youhogo Jidou Shakaireki Yougo no Nihon Kouchiku ）

2.Defining terms Harmful Causing physical, mentally and psychologically harm :used especially about things that cause harm to your health, the environment etc. (based on Longman Dictionary) Beneficial Having a good effect on physical, mentally and psychologically.

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

5.Analysis for beneficial ・3.1 Family environment is better for children →5.1 The better Quality of institution ・3.2 Financial security →5.2 Scholarships

5.Analysis for beneficial ・3.1 Family environment is better for children →5.1 The better Quality of institution ・3.2 Financial security →5.2 Scholarships

5.1 The better Quality of institution Figure 8 :The number of Family Homes （Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare）

5.Analysis for beneficial 3.1 Family environment is better for children 3/5

5.Analysis for beneficial ・3.1 Family environment is better for children →5.1 The better Quality of institution ・3.2 Financial security →5.2 Scholarships

5.Analysis for beneficial ・3.1 Family environment is better for children →5.1 The better Quality of institution ・3.2 Financial security →5.2 Scholarships

All the school expensive and support of living expenses 5.2 Scholarships All the school expensive and support of living expenses Part of small or medium sized company NPO Waseda University Speech contest “かなえーる”

5.Analysis for beneficial 3.2 Financial security 3/5

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

6.Analysis for harmful 4.1 Depriving parental right →6.1 Importance of cutting parental right. 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption system →6.2 For supporting foster parents, new guide rules and guidelines were created.

6.Analysis for harmful 4.1 Depriving parental right →6.1 Importance of cutting parental right. 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption system →6.2 For supporting foster parents, new guide rules and guidelines were created.

6. 1Importance of cutting parental right. （4 6.1Importance of cutting parental right. （4.1 Depriving parental right） ・Parental Right is not the eternal right for parents. →In America or England Case. ・Kidnapping incident ・Possibility of chasing

4.1 Depriving parental right 2/5 6.Analysis for harmful 4.1 Depriving parental right 2/5

6.Analysis for harmful 4.1 Depriving parental right →6.1Importance of cutting parental right. (Especially abuse case) 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption system →6.2 For supporting foster parents, new guide rules and guidelines were created.

6.Analysis for harmful 4.1 Depriving parental right →6.1Importance of cutting parental right. (Especially abuse case) 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption system →6.2 For supporting foster parents, new guide rules and guidelines were created.

6.2For supporting foster parents, new guide rules and guidelines were created. （4.2　The possibility of child abuse after special adoption system ） １. Parent must take a aptitude test. 5.Prioritize the parents who are taking study and training. 8.Half a year or a year after adoption they need to take study and training again. 9.Institution have to visit the houses at least once in four month. (Tsuzaki, Testuro 2010 Konokuni no Kodomotachi: Youhogo Jidou Shakaireki Yougo no Nihon Kouchiku ）

4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption system 3/5 6.Analysis for harmful 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption system 3/5

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

Outline 1.a. Introduction b. Background Data 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

7.Conclusion 4.1 3.1 Depriving parental right 2/5 4.2 The possibility of child abuse after special adoption system 3/5 3.1 Family environment is better for children 3/5 3.2 Financial security

Special Adoption System: Beneficial or Harmful for children →Beneficial

Outline 1.Intoroduction 2.Defining terms 3.Evidence for beneficial 4.Evidence for harmful 5.Analysis for beneficial 6.Analysis for harmful 7.Conclusion

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