Discrimination Against Women in Japan: Increasing or Decreasing? B16704 Yui Suzuki

Outline 1 Introduction 2 Defining Terms 3 Increasing 4 Decreasing 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion

Outline 1 Introduction 2 Defining Terms 3 Increasing 4 Decreasing 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion

1 Introduction

1 Introduction 国際女性会議WAW! 世界の様々な地域，国際機関から女性の分野で活躍するトップ・リーダーが参加し，日本及び世界における女性のエンパワーメント，女性の活躍促進のための取組について議論を行う。 (MOFA 2017)

Outline 1 Introduction 2 Defining Terms 3 Increasing 4 Decreasing 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion

Discrimination= the unjust or prejudicial treatment 2 Defining Terms Discrimination= the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people Mentally Physically Socially recent 10 years 2006~2017 The Abe Government started in 2006

The Unjust or Prejudicial Treatment of Women in Japan: 2 Defining Terms Discrimination Against Women in Japan: Increasing or Decreasing? The Unjust or Prejudicial Treatment of Women in Japan: mentally or physically or socially

Outline 1 Introduction 2 Defining Terms 3 Increasing 4 Decreasing 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion

3 Increasing 3-1 Sexual Harassment 3-2 Maternity Harassment

3 Increasing 3-1 Sexual Harassment 3-2 Maternity Harassment

3 Increasing 3.1 Sexual Harassment セクハラとは、一般的に、「本人の意に反する性的な言動」をいい、具体的には、 （ア）職場において行われる性的な言動に対する労働者の対応により当該労働者がその労働条件につき不利益を受けること（対価型セクハラ） （イ）職場において行われる性的な言動により当該労働者の就業環境が害されること（環境型セクハラ） （みずき総合法律事務所 2016）

3 Increasing 3.1 Sexual Harassment (Figure 1) (GEBCO 2016)

3 Increasing 3.1 Sexual Harassment 30% of women have suffered sexual harassment (Sankei West 2016)

3 Increasing 3.1 Sexual Harassment (Sankei West 2016)

3 Increasing 3.1 Sexual Harassment Women suffer the unjust or prejudicial treatment by sexual harassment mentally and physically

3 Increasing 3-1 Sexual Harassment 3-2 Maternity Harassment

3 Increasing 3.2Matermity Harassment Maternity Harassment マタハラとは，妊娠・出産したこと，産前産後休業又は育児休業等の申出をしたこと又は取得したこと等を理由とした， 　　　　　　　　 ①解雇その他不利益な取扱い(男女雇用機会均等法第9条第3項, 　育児・介護休業法第10条)又は，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ②上司や同僚による嫌がらせ（ハラスメント） （みずき総合法律事務所 2016）

3 Increasing 3.2 Maternity Harassment （Nikkei Shimbun 2016）

3 Increasing 3.2 Maternity Harassment Women suffer the unjust or prejudicial treatment by Maternity Harassment Mentally and Socially

Outline 1 Introduction 2 Defining Terms 3 Increasing 4 Decreasing 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion

4 Decreasing 4-1Gender Inequality Index 4-2Women’s Advancement in Society

4 Decreasing 4-1 Gender Inequality Index 4-2 Women’s Advancement in Society

4 Decreasing 4.1 Gender Inequality Index (GEBCO 2017)

4 Decreasing 4.1Gender Inequality Index Japan 0.149 In 2015 Japan 0.116 （JILPT2017） （GEBCO 2016） Decreasing 0 → 完全に平等 1 → 完全に不平等

4 Decreasing 4.1 Gender Inequality Index The unjust or prejudicial treatment for women is decreasing Socially

4 Decreasing 4-1 Gender Inequality Index 4-2 Women’s Advancement in Society

4 Decreasing 4.2 Women’s Advancement in Society (Figure 3) Working women is Increasing （MHLW 2014）

4 Decreasing 4.2 Women’s Advancement in Society (Figure 4) Percentage of female employee 41.6% 43.3% Increasing （MHLW 2014）

4 Decreasing 4.2 Women’s Advancement in Society The unjust or prejudicial treatment for women is decreasing Socially

Outline 1 Introduction 2 Defining Terms 3 Increasing 4 Decreasing 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion

5 Analysis 5.1 Increasing of acknowledgment and support of sexual harassment 5.2 Increasing of acknowledgment and support of Maternity Harassment 5.3 Gender Gap Index 5.4 Percentage of non-regular female employee and women who want to work

5.1 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Sexual Harassment 5 Analysis 5.1 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Sexual Harassment 5.2 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Maternity Harassment 5.3 Gender Gap Index 5.4 Percentage of non-regular female employee and women who want to work

5 Analysis 3.1 Sexual Harassment 平成18年均等法改正(平成19年4月施行) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 男女労働者へのセクシュアルハラスメント防止 のための雇用管理上の措置を事業主に義務付け Becoming easier to accuse

5 Analysis 3.1 Sexual Harassment （MHLW）

5 Analysis 3.1 Sexual Harassment (MHLW 2015 p9)

5 Analysis Increasing 3.1 Sexual Harassment 5.1 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Sexual Harassment It is not that the unjust treatment for women is decreasing.

5 Analysis 5.1 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Sexual Harassment 5.2 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Maternity Harassment 5.3 Gender Gap Index 5.4 Percentage of non-regular female employee and women who want to work

5 Analysis 3.2Maternity Harassment (My Navi News 2015)

5 Analysis 3.2 Maternity Harassment (Figure 5) (My Navi News 2015)

5 Analysis 3.2 Maternity Harassment (Figure 2) 2006~2017

5 Analysis 3.2 Maternity Harassment Many people knew Maternity Harassment ↓ Becoming easier to accuse

5 Analysis 3.2Maternity Harassment (MHLW 2017)

5 Analysis 3.2Maternity Harassment

5 Analysis Increasing 3.2Maternity Harassment 5.2 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support It is not that the unjust treatment for women is decreasing.

5 Analysis 5.1 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Sexual Harassment 5.2 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Maternity Harassment 5.3 Gender Gap Index 5.4 Percentage of non-regular female employee and women who want to work

5 Analysis 4.1 Gender Inequality Index Gender Gap Index 経済、教育、保健、政治の各分野毎に各使用データをウェイト付けして総合値を算出。その分野毎総合値を単純平均してジェンダー・ギャップ指数を算出。0が完全不平等、1が完全平等。 (GEBCO 2016)

5 Analysis 4.1Gender Inequality Index Gender Gap Index In 2008 Japan 98th/130 In 2017 Japan 114th/144 Down (GEBCO 2009) （Nikkei Shimbun 2017 ）

5 Analysis 4.1Gender Gap Index Gender Inequality Index 国家の人間開発の達成が男女の不平等によってどの程度妨げら れているかを明らかにするもの。（妊産婦死亡率、国会議員の女性割合、中等教育以上の教育を受けた人の割合（男女別）等） Gender Gap Index 経済、教育、保健、政治の各分野毎に各使用データをウェイト付けして総合値を算出。その分野毎総合値を単純平均してジェンダー・ギャップ指数を算出。 (GEBCO 2016)

5 Analysis 4 Decreasing 4.1Gender Inequality Index 5.3 Gender Gap Index Gender Gap Index is suitable date for consider discrimination against women.

5 Analysis 5.1 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Sexual Harassment 5.2 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Maternity Harassment 5.3 Gender Gap Index 5.4 Percentage of non-regular female employee and women who want to work

5 Analysis 4.2 Women’s Advancement in Society (Figure 6) Increasing 52.5% 56.7% (GEBCO 2015)

5 Analysis 4.2Women’s Advancement in Society (Figure 7) Women who want to work 3,150,000 （MHLW 2014）

5 Analysis 4 Decreasing 4.2 Women’s Advancement 5.4 Percentage of non-regular female in Society employee and Women Who Want to Work It is not perfect women’s advancement in society.

Outline 1 Introduction 2 Defining Terms 3 Increasing 4 Decreasing 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion

6 Conclusion 3 Increasing 3.1 Sexual Harassment 5.1 Increasing of Acknowledgment and Support 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 of Sexual Harassment 3.2 Maternity Harassment 5.2 Increasing of Acknowledgment and Support of Maternity Harassment 4 Decreasing 4.1 Gender Inequality Index 5.3 Gender Gap Index 4.2 Women’s Advancement in Society 5.4 Percentage of Non-Regular Female Employee and Women Who Want to Work

6. Conclusion Increasing Discrimination Against Women in Japan: 　　　　 Increasing or Decreasing? 　　　　　　Increasing

Outline 1 Introduction 2 Defining Terms 3 Increasing 3.1 Sexual Harassment 3.2 Maternity Harassment 4 Decreasing 4.1 Gender Inequality Index 4.2 Women’s Advancement 5 Analysis 5.1 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Sexual Harassment 5.2 Increasing of Acknowledgment and support of Maternity Harassment 5.3 Gender Gap Index 5.4 Percentage of non-regular female employee and women who want to work 6 Conclusion

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