日本語の文法 文型(ぶんけい）をおぼえよう！

Presentation on theme: "日本語の文法 文型(ぶんけい）をおぼえよう！"— Presentation transcript:

1 日本語の文法 文型(ぶんけい）をおぼえよう！
日本語の文法 文型(ぶんけい）をおぼえよう！

2 Do you do…? Would you like do…?
～ますか Do you do…? Would you like do…?

3 ～ませんか Why don’t we do…?

4 ～ましょう Let’s do…!

5 ～ましょうか Shall we do…?

6 ～て、 serial actions

7 ～ています（１） action in progress

8 ～ています（２） 会社ではたらいています to tell what one does

9 to tell the state/situation of a person/thing
～ています（３） けっこんしています to tell the state/situation of a person/thing

10 ～ている人 a person who is … そこで寝ている人は、だれですか。

11 action has not been done yet
まだ～ていません action has not been done yet

12 to tell someone to do things
～てください to tell someone to do things

13 to ask someone to do things (semi-polite)
～てくれませんか to ask someone to do things (semi-polite)

14 to ask someone to do things (polite)
～ていただけませんか to ask someone to do things (polite)

15 I’ve done … before (experience)
～たことがあります I’ve done … before (experience)

16 You had better do… (giving an advice)
～たほうがいいです（よ） You had better do… (giving an advice)

17 I’ll do this and that… so on
～たり～たりします I’ll do this and that… so on

18 to tell someone not to do things
～ないでください to tell someone not to do things

19 ～なければなりません ～なくてはなりません
I have to do… (obligation)

20 ～なくちゃ! ～なきゃ! I have to do… (casual)

21 ～なくてもいいです You don’t have to do…

22 (Dic) のが好きです I like doing…

23 (Dic) のはたいへんです It is difficult to do…

24 (Dic) ことができます I can do…

25 (Dic) 前に before doing…

26 (Stem) たいです I want to do…

27 (Stem) に行きます I’ll go to do…

28 (Stem) やすいです It’s easy to do…

29 He/she seems to do… He/she is about to do… (observation)
(Stem) そうです He/she seems to do… He/she is about to do… (observation)

30 (Stem) はじめました I began to do…

31 (Stem) つづけました I continued doing…

32 (Stem) おわりました I finished doing…

33 (Stem) すぎました I did … too much

34 (Stem) ながら while doing…

35 May I do…? (Asking permission)
～てもいいですか May I do…? (Asking permission)

36 You may do … (giving permission)
～てもいいです You may do … (giving permission)

37 You may not do… You are not allowed to do…
～てはいけません You may not do… You are not allowed to do…

38 ～てほしいです I want you to do…

39 ～てあります …is written

40 I’ll do… to prepare for future convenience
～ておきます I’ll do… to prepare for future convenience

41 I will try doing… (to see if I like it / to see how it’s like)
～てみます I will try doing… (to see if I like it / to see how it’s like)

42 ～てしまいます I’ll finish doing…

43 Mistakenly / unfortunately I did…
～てしまいました Mistakenly / unfortunately I did…

44 (Dic) ことにしました I decided to do…

45 (Nai) ことにしました I decided not to do…

46 It was decided that I will do…
(Dic) ことになりました It was decided that I will do…

47 It was decided that I will not do…
(Nai) ことになりました It was decided that I will not do…

48 (Dic) つもりです I intend to do…

49 (Nai) つもりです I intend not to do…

50 It is said that he/she will do…
(Dic) らしいです It is said that he/she will do…

51 It is said that he/she will not do…
(Nai) らしいです It is said that he/she will not do…

52 I heard that you/he/she will do…
(Dic)そうです I heard that you/he/she will do…

53 I heard that you/he/she will not do…
(Nai)そうです I heard that you/he/she will not do…

54 It seems that he/she will do…
(Dic) みたいです It seems that he/she will do…

55 It seems that he/she will not do…
(Nai) みたいです It seems that he/she will not do…

56 It seems that he/she will do…
(Dic) ようです It seems that he/she will do…

57 It seems that he/she will not do…
(Nai) ようです It seems that he/she will not do…

58 I think I/he/she will do…
(Dic) と思います I think I/he/she will do…

59 I think I/he/she will not do…
(Nai) と思います I think I/he/she will not do…

60 (Dic) だろうと思います (Dic) でしょう (casual)
Probably I/he/she will do…

61 Probably I/he/she will not do…
(Nai) だろうと思います Probably I/he/she will not do…

62 (Dic) かもしれません I might do…

63 (Nai) かもしれません I might not do…

64 (Dic) ようです serial actions

65 I don’t know whether I/he/she will do… or not
(Dic) かどうかわかりません I don’t know whether I/he/she will do… or not

66 I guess I/he/she will do…
(Dic) んじゃないかと思います I guess I/he/she will do…

67 I guess I/he/she will not do…
(Nai) んじゃないかと思います I guess I/he/she will not do…

68 (Dic) ように言いました I told him/her to do…

69 I told him/her not to do…
(Nai) ように言いました I told him/her not to do…

70 I tried to do… (but I didn’t do yet)
(Volitional) としました I tried to do… (but I didn’t do yet)

71 (Volitional)と思っています I’m planning to do…

72 (Volitional)かと（も）思いました
I thought it might be a good idea to do..

73 (Imperative)と言われれば～します
It it’s ordered to do so, I will do…

74 (Imperative)と言われても～しません
Even if it’s ordered to do so, I will not do…

75 (Noun) によると、 according to …

76 as…, for… Ex. アメリカ人として誇りに思います。 I am proud of myself as an American.
(Noun) として as…, for… Ex. アメリカ人として誇りに思います。 I am proud of myself as an American.

77 (Noun) ばかり only …

78 N2 like N１ Ex.家族のような友達 a friend like my family
(Noun１) のような (Noun２) N2 like N１ Ex.家族のような友達 a friend like my family

79 only, nothing but… Ex.肉しか食べません。 I eat nothing but meat.
(Noun) しか only, nothing but… Ex.肉しか食べません。 I eat nothing but meat. We often add だけ (means ‘only’) and say 肉だけしか食べません。

80 (Noun) ほど + neg V (not) as ~ as Ex.日本語は去年ほどむずかしくない。 Japanese is not as difficult as it was last year.

81 (Noun) について about …