世界狂犬病デーを契機に 全世界の教室をつなごう！ 「狂犬病の歴史を拓く」ために学ぼう！ 世界狂犬病デーを契機に 　　　　　全世界の教室をつなごう！ Title Slide Learning to Make Rabies History! Connecting Classrooms Globally through World Rabies Day! For more information on World Rabies Day: www.worldrabiesday.org

世界狂犬病デー 1分考えて次の質問に答えよう 狂犬病についてあなたは 何を知っていますか？ 世界狂犬病デーを開催することが なぜ重要なのですか？ Have the students take one minute to think to themselves and write down the answers to the following questions: What do you already know about rabies? Why is it important to have a World Rabies Day? Take two minutes to share and discuss with a partner. Take 2–5 minutes to discuss as a class.

狂犬病を学ぶことが なぜ重要なのか？ 狂犬病は100% 予防することができるのに、全世界で、毎年少なくとも55,000 人が狂犬病で死亡しており、そのほとんどがイヌに咬まれたためである。 およそ10分に一人が狂犬病で死亡している。 狂犬病による死亡者の約半数は、15歳以下の子供達である。 先進国の多くは、狂犬病を防ぐための動物と人間のためのワクチンを保有している。それらの国々では狂犬病で死ぬことがほとんどない。 Why is learning about rabies important? Rabies is 100% preventable, yet results in an estimated 55,000 deaths each year around the world. This means that somewhere in the world, a person dies almost every 10 minutes from rabies. Most of all rabies deaths (30-50%) occur in children under the age of 15 years. (This means that elementary and middle school-aged children represent a majority of rabies deaths worldwide.) In many developed countries (such as the United States), effective vaccines for dogs and humans makes rabies in humans “rare.” Despite that, an estimated 30,000-40,000 people are exposed to rabies each year in the United States and need to get anti-rabies shots. (We will discuss these shots in a few minutes.) Most of the rabies exposures in the United States are from bats or other wildlife. Why is it important to have a World Rabies Day? An estimated 55,000 humans die from rabies each year around the world. Rabies is 100% preventable thanks to modern vaccines. We have all the tools needed to prevent rabies! It is time for us to start “Working together to make rabies history!”

これを学んだら、あなたは何を 知り、何ができるようになるか？ 狂犬病はなぜ重要なのか 狂犬病の歴史と病気の実際 どの動物が狂犬病に罹りやすいか どのようにして狂犬病に感染するのか 狂犬病の症状 狂犬病の感染をどのように防ぐか What you will know and be able to do after this lesson (Course Topic Areas) Why rabies is important (Slide #3) The history of rabies and what it is (Slides 5-8) Which animals are most likely to have rabies (Slide #10) How you could be exposed to rabies (Slide #9 & #13) The symptoms of rabies (Slide #12) How to prevent rabies infection (Slides 14-16)

狂犬病とは何か？ 狂犬病は約4,000年も発生が続いている！ 狂犬病で発病したら、常にほぼ100%死亡する。 狂犬病はウイルスによって引起される。 What is rabies? Rabies has been around for over 4,000 years! We know this from some of the early artwork and writings (as shown on this slide). Once symptoms of rabies start, rabies is nearly 100% fatal. (There has only been one person in the United States that has survived rabies virus infection.) Rabies is caused by a virus.

狂犬病の原因は何か？ 狂犬病は、細菌よりも小さい微生物であるウイルスによって引起される。 ウイルスは、生きている細胞の中でしか発育できない。 狂犬病ウイルスは、体内に侵入すると中枢神経系を攻撃する。 What causes rabies? A virus What is the rabies virus? A virus is a microorganism smaller than a bacteria. A virus cannot grow without a living cell. The rabies virus is shaped like a submarine. The rabies virus that gets into your body and attacks your central nervous system Go to the next slide to see the definition of the “Central Nervous System.” 狂犬病ウイルスの電子顕微鏡像：　潜水艦の形をしている。

中枢神経系とは何か？ 中枢神経系は、脳と脊髄を含む。 我々が何をするにも、健康な神経系が不可欠である：　考える、感じる、呼吸をする、飲込む、食べる、動く、話す。 中枢神経系 脳　　 脊髄　　 What is the Central Nervous System? The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. A healthy nervous system is necessary for everything we do: thinking, feeling, seeing, breathing, swallowing, eating, moving, and talking. GO TO the next slide to see how the rabies virus infects the body.

狂犬病は、 中枢神経系を攻撃する 狂犬病ウイルスが体内に侵入 咬まれた足から、狂犬病ウイルスが脊髄を通って脳に達し、全身に広がっていく様子を見てください。 What is the Central Nervous System (continued)? Watch as an exposure (possibly a bite from a rabid animal) on the leg causes the rabies virus to spread up the spinal cord to the brain and throughout the rest of the body. Note to teacher: The image should light up when it is shown in “slide show” format. Resources www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/kidsrabies/TheVirus/rabvir.htm 狂犬病ウイルスが体内に侵入

どのようにしてヒトは狂犬病に感染するのか？ 動物が狂犬病に罹ると、その性格が変わる: 狂犬病の動物はヒトや他の動物を咬もうとする。 狂犬病に罹った臆病な犬は、もはやヒトを恐れない。 狂犬病の動物があなたを咬んだ時にあなたは狂犬病に感染する。 イヌの狂犬病は、今もなお、世界の多くの地方で大きな問題である。 How do people get rabies? When animals are sick with rabies, their personality changes: Rabid animals may want to bite people and other animals. Other times, timid animals may no longer be afraid of you. You can get rabies when an animal with rabies bites you. Rabies in dogs is still a big problem in many parts of the world. In North America, Europe, and other developed countries, dogs can still get rabies, mostly from wildlife, but it is no longer common due to vaccination.

どの種の動物が 狂犬病に罹るのか？ 狂犬病は全ての哺乳動物に感染する。 哺乳動物とは、毛皮と子供にミルクを与える乳房がある温血動物である。 カエル、鳥、ヘビなどは、狂犬病に罹らない。 What kinds of animals get rabies? The rabies virus can infect all mammals. Mammals are warm-blooded animals that have hair and mammary glands to produce milk for their babies. The animals that can transmit rabies may vary based on where you live (geographic location). Some of the common animals that can transmit rabies include dogs, bats, raccoons, foxes, cats, and skunks. The primary cause of human rabies worldwide is from dogs. In a country like the United States, where rabies in dogs has been controlled due to vaccinations, the primary cause of rabies in humans is from wildlife (particularly bats). Resources CDC Rabies Web site: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/rabies/Epidemiology/Epidemiology.htm

症状 頭痛、発熱、のどの痛み 神経質、混乱 咬まれた場所の痛みやうずき 幻覚 実際には存在しないものが見える 恐水症 のどが痙攣して飲込めないため水を怖がる 麻痺 体の一部を動かせなくなる こん睡、死亡 Symptoms of rabies virus infection The “incubation period” of rabies can vary from person to person (This is the time between exposure and actually getting symptoms). It may take several weeks to months after an exposure, before people become sick with rabies. The symptoms can include: The symptoms start with a headache, fever, and sore throat. Nervousness and confusion develops. The patient may experience pain or tingling at the site of the bite. Many patients have hallucinations which means they see things that are not really there. Case report: One parent of a patient said the patient was, “Cowering in the corner like a caged animal.” Hydrophobia is also a symptom. Hydrophobia, or the fear of water, is due to spasms in the throat. Case report: One patient said, “I throw up every time I try to eat or drink something. I can’t swallow my spit” Paralysis or the inability to move parts of the body will develop later in the infection. Eventually, the patient experiences a coma and ultimately death.

コウモリと狂犬病 予防 咬まれたことが分からないヒトもいる。 コウモリに触らない。 北米におけるヒトの狂犬病の主要な感染源はコウモリである。 コウモリの咬み傷は非常に小さい。 咬まれたことが分からないヒトもいる。 予防 コウモリに触らない。 目覚めた時に部屋にコウモリがいたら、両親に知らせ、もよりの保健所と医者に相談する。 指の小さな咬み傷 Bats and Rabies The main source of rabies in humans in the United States is from bats. Bat bites are so small that some people may not realize they have been bitten by a bat. Don’t handle bats. If you discover a bat in the house, especially in the room of a sleeping person or child, treat this situation as though an actual bite may have occurred. Have an adult safely capture the bat by following the steps on the weblinks below. Call your local health department and your doctor. Resources For more information on how to remove a bat safely or other facts about bats and rabies, please visit the following Web sites: CDC Rabies Web site: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/rabies/bats_&_rabies/bats&.htm Bat Conservation International: www.batcon.org/home/default.asp

動物に咬まれたら どうするか？ 傷を石けんと水でしっかり洗う。 両親に知らせる。 咬み傷が小さくても、医者に診てもらう。 動物に咬まれたら 　　　　　どうするか？ 傷を石けんと水でしっかり洗う。 両親に知らせる。 咬み傷が小さくても、医者に診てもらう。 What to do if you are bitten by an animal Wash the wound well with soap and water for at least 5 minutes. See a doctor about getting rabies vaccinations (post-exposure). Contact your local health department and animal control officer. If the animal that bit you is a pet (dog, cat, or ferret), the animal may be watched for signs of rabies for about 10 days.  If it is a wild animal, the animal control people may need to euthanize the animal to test it’s brain for rabies. もよりの保健所と動物管理官に相談する。

咬まれた後の予防 腕に狂犬病ワクチンを接種する 狂犬病予防接種で発病を防ぐことができる。 最初に、咬み傷のまわりの1～3ヶ所に抗血清を接種する。 それから、腕にワクチンを30日間で5回接種する。 予防接種は、あなたの体が狂犬病ウイルスを殺す強力な抗体を作るのを助ける。 Prevention after exposure to rabies (post-exposure prophylaxis) Anti-rabies shots can prevent the disease. If you get these shots after you have been exposed and before symptoms start, it can prevent the disease from occurring. 1-3 shots of antibodies are given around the bite. Five shots of vaccine are given in the arm over 30 days (with the first shot starting on the first day). Rabies shots will help your body make powerful antibodies that kill the virus. 腕に狂犬病ワクチンを接種する

狂犬病から身を護る あなたのペットに狂犬病予防接種をする。 放浪しているペットや野生動物に近寄らない。 イヌ、ネコ、その他の動物に触る前に、飼い主や大人に必ず許しを得る。 野生動物をつかまえて家に持ち帰らない。 Protect yourself from rabies Vaccinate pets against rabies. Avoid stray pets or wild animals. Always ask the owner before petting a dog or cat. Never adopt wild animals or bring them into your home. Do not try to nurse sick animals to health. It is common to want to rescue and nurse a hurt wild animal, but that animal may have rabies. Call an animal control person or animal rescue group if you find a sick animal. Make sure that your trash cans and pet foods are secured so that they do not attract wild animals

あなたもできる活動 狂犬病についての公共広告を作成してみよう。 あなたが獣医師であり、あなたの顧客に自分のペットに狂犬病予防接種を受けるよう勧める説得力のある助言を書くことを想像してください。 10代の皆さんが狂犬病のリスクおよび病気の予防方法について理解を深めるための公共広告を書くことを、あなたが報道機関（新聞、ラジオまたはテレビ）から頼まれたことを想像してください。 Potential Activities As a veterinarian, write a convincing advertisement that will encourage your clients to get their pets vaccinated against rabies. You have been asked by the media (newspaper, radio, or TV) to write a public service announcement for teenagers that will develop an understanding of the risk of rabies and how to prevent the disease. *These examples use the RAFTs Technique: Role of the author, the intended Audience, the Format of the requested exercise, the Topic area, and use of Strong verbs. Resources The examples provided use the RAFTs Technique. For more information on RAFTs, see http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/PD/instr/strats/raft/

さらに学ぶには World Rabies Day Website www.worldrabiesday.org US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Rabies Website www.cdc.gov/rabies CDC’s Kids Rabies Website www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/kidsrabies/ World Health Organization www.who.int Pan American Health Organization www.paho.org/english/ad/dpc/vp/rabia.htm Alliance for Rabies Control www.rabiescontrol.net To Learn More World Rabies Day Website: www.worldrabiesday.org U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Rabies Website: www.cdc.gov/rabies CDC’s Kids Rabies Website: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/kidsrabies/ World Health Organization Rabies Page: www.who.int/rabies/en/ Pan American Health Organization Rabies Page: www.paho.org/english/ad/dpc/vp/rabia.htm Alliance for Rabies Control: www.rabiescontrol.net If your students have additional questions, they can contact your local or state health department or the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (rabies@cdc.gov).