階層表現による橋梁景観の評価構造に関する考察 -Landscape Design of Civil Structure- A study on Evaluation structure of Bridge Landscape by Hierarchically expressions 階層表現による橋梁景観の評価構造に関する考察 Hello,everyone.I’m Shuji Yamamoto, master 2nd student. Title of my thesis is “A study on Evaluation structure of Aesthetics of Bridges by Hierarchically expressions “ This title is current one, so it may be changed aftertime. 2009.6.9 M2 Shuji Yamamoto

Backgrounds In a highly economic period of growth, Japanese Landscape is disarray and crowed . In recent years, interest for Landscape is raised in Japan, so all infrastructures need landscape design in civil engineering. 高度経済成長期、日本の景観は混雑としたものとなった。 近年ようやく景観に対する関心も高まり、土木分野においても景観を考慮した設計手法が重要となってきている The background of my research is as follows.I In a highly economic period of growth, Japanese Landscape is disarray and crowed . In recent years, interest for Landscape is raised in Japan, so all infrastructures need landscape design in civil engineering. Civil engineering 土木 Landscape 景観

Backgrounds Landscape evaluation 景観評価 Analysis 分析 Planning decision Civil engineering 土木 Landscape 景観 Publicness　公共性 Consist of complex and diverse causes 　多様な要因から成り複雑で統合的 Landscape design flow　景観設計フロー Design proposal 設計案 Proposed plan　計画案 Landscape prediction 景観予測 Landscape evaluation　景観評価 Planning decision 計画・設計　決定 Analysis　分析 Landscape evaluation is important !! 景観の評価方法が重要！！ Point at issue　問題点 Standard evaluation method is nothing in Landscape Design 評価も様々で基準となるものがない。 （専門家の主観による評価が多い） Next, I will explain about Landscape design flow. This figure show Landscape design flow. And, When we design Landscape, evaluation method of Landscape is important. But, as a matter of reality, standard evaluation method is nothing in Landscape design. And,Landscape have such traits as public ness, consist of complex and diverse causes. So, objective and commonality evaluation predicting model is required. Require objective and commonality evaluation predicting model 客観性・共通性のある景観評価の予測モデルが求められている。

Purpose of my research 研究目的 Concept of my research Purpose of my research　研究目的 In this research…　　本研究において Landscape　景観 Phenomenon between environment and human 環境と人間にまたがって成立する現象 Landscape Environment 　環境側 Human　人間側 Constructive element 景観構成要素 Visual Psychological phenomenon 視覚を通じた心理現象 Cognitive 　認知 Viewpoint (Viewpoint field)　視点場 Visual object 　視対象→Bridge　橋梁 Landscape setting here　対象場 Evaluation structure　評価構造 In this research, Landscape is defined as Phenomenon between environment and human. And, in environment part, I focus on constructive element consisted of viewpoint, visual object and landscape setting here. In my thesis, visual object is regarded as bridge. In human part, I focus on Visual Psychological phenomenon. Especially, Visual Psychological phenomenon is regarded as evaluation structure through cognitive process And, I will seek the relationship between the two sides . Finally, I will Build up objective and commonality evaluation predicting model of Bridge landscape. That’s purpose of my research. Seek the relationship between the two sides 景観構成要素と評価構造の関係を探る Build up objective and commonality evaluation predicting model of Bridge Landscape 客観性・共通性のある橋梁景観の評価予測モデルの構築

About constructive element 景観構成要素について Evaluation standpoint Concept of my research About constructive element 景観構成要素について Constructive element 景観構成要素 Evaluation standpoint 評価の対象 Viewpoint (Viewpoint field) 視点場 Object 対象 Visual object　視対象 The relationship between Viewpoint and Object Landscape setting here　対象場 Index to bring out visual structure of landscape 視覚的景観解析指標 Bridge girder 橋桁 Bridge pier 橋脚 Bridge abutment 橋台 Visual distance 視距離 Angle of Incidence 視線入射角 …etc Adjunct substance　付属物 Next, I will explain about Constructive element . Constructive element is regarded as evaluation standpoint. As Relations between elements, There is the relation between viewpoint and object, and visual object and landscape setting here. In the relation between viewpoint and object, Index to bring out visual structure of landscape is important. Index to bring out visual structure of landscape is visual distance, angle of incidence and so on. In the relation between visual object and landscape setting here, Internal relation such as bridge form and external relation such as bridge and surrounding environment. For these reasons, as evaluation standpoint I focus on Difference in vision by the relations between index, Bridge （form ）, and surrounding environment Land features　地形 Surrounding environment　周辺環境 Focus Difference in vision by the relations between index, Bridge （form ）, and surrounding environment

Concept of my research Evaluation item (Image) 評価項目（印象） About evaluation structure 評価構造について Evaluation item (Image)　評価項目（印象） Evaluation structure　評価構造 Integrated Evaluation　総合評価（選好性） Method of expression about a connection between image and evaluation　印象と総合評価との関係についての表現方法　 Evaluation structure by Hierarchically expressions 　階層的に評価構造を表現する Upper level Evaluation step　評価階層 Human cognitive process Judgment step　判断階層 Next, I will explain about evaluation structure. Evaluation structure is the systematic expression about a connection between evaluation item and Integrated evaluation. And, As a method of that, evaluation structure by Hierarchically expressions is used.　 It is given as follows. Hierarchically expressions is composed of four step that evaluation step, judgment step, recognize external environment step and external or physical factor. Evaluation step, judgment step, recognize external environment step is regarded as human cognitive process And, external or physical factor is regarded as constructive element. Recognize external environment step　外的環境を感じ取る部分 Low level External(physical) factor　外的(物理的)要因 Constructive element

About evaluation structure 評価構造について Concept of my research About evaluation structure 評価構造について Example Direction and effect extent 方向性・影響度 No sign　看板がない Poised　落ち着きのある Wide street　道が広い Favorable　好ましい Clear　明るい Slightly green　緑がある Integrated evaluation 総合評価 Evaluation item 評価項目 Color　色彩が明るい Recognize external environment step 外的環境を感じ取る部分 Evaluation step 評価階層 Judgment step 判断階層 Upper level Low level Point Understand the relationship between Integrated evaluation and Evaluation item. 総合評価に影響を与える評価項目の抽出とその関係の解明 Understand the External(physical) factor of Constructive element that influences evaluation. 評価の決定に影響を与える景観構成要素の物理的要因の解明 This figure is a example of evaluation structure by Hierarchically expressions. This method allows for the relationship between Integrated evaluation and Evaluation item and the External(physical) factor of Constructive element that influences evaluation

Concept of my research About evaluation structure 評価構造について Grasping method of evaluation structure by hierarchically expressions 階層表現を用いた評価構造の把握方法 1. questionnaire survey and interview survey　アンケート調査とインタビュー調査による把握方法 Integrated evaluation 総合評価 Evaluation item 評価項目 Questionnaire survey アンケート調査 Connection　結合 coefficient of correlation 　相関係数 multiple linear regression analysis 　重回帰分析 Upper level Evaluation item 上位評価項目 Low level Evaluation item 下位評価項目 interview survey インタビュー調査 External Factor　外的要因 Next, I will explain about Grasping method of Hierarchically expressions of evaluation structure. As an experiment, there is a grasping method by and. First, by questionnaire survey, the relationship between Integrated evaluation and Evaluation item is shown. Then, by interview survey, the relationship between upper level evaluation, low level evaluation, and external factor. Finally, evaluation item shown by questionnaire survey and evaluation item shown by interview survey are connected. So, evaluation structure by hierarchically expressions is grasped. Recognize external environment step 外的環境を感じ取る部分 Evaluation step 評価階層 Judgment step 判断階層 9

Evaluation grid method 評価グリッド法 Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) Concept of my research About evaluation structure 評価構造について Grasping method of Hierarchically expressions of evaluation structure 階層表現を用いた評価構造の把握方法 ２ Evaluation grid method 　評価グリッド法 Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) 　共分散構造解析（構造方程式モデリング） Graffitical Modeling(GM) 　グラフィカルモデリング The other way is that Evaluation grid method, Structural Equation Modeling, Graffitical Modeling and so on. But, these ways are under consideration. Under consideration 検討中

About research flow 研究の流れについて Concept of my research About research flow 研究の流れについて Difference in vision by the relations between index, Bridge （form ）, and surrounding environment CG images Evaluation standpoint 評価の対象 Questionnaire survey アンケート調査 Students Study to evaluation 評価調査 interview survey インタビュー調査 Multiple linear regression analysis 　重回帰分析 Evaluation grid method 　評価グリッド法 Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) 　共分散構造解析（構造方程式モデリング） Graffitical Modeling(GM) 　グラフィカルモデリング Analysis 分析 Evaluation structure by Hierarchically expressions 階層的評価構造 Next, as summary of today’s presentation I will explain about current research flow. Evaluation standpoint is regarded as Difference in vision by the relations between index, Bridge （form ）, and surrounding environment . I will express it by CG image. Study to evaluation is surveyed by questionnaire or interview. About Object person of a questionnaire survey, I will select students. And,from result of analysis I will Grasp method of Hierarchically expressions of evaluation structure. And I will Get commonality stable result by Comparison between evaluation structure of samples and Clear up points to focus in landscape design. And Finally I will Build up objective and commonality evaluation predicting model of Bridge landscape. Landscape constructive element evaluation item Integrated Evaluation Get commonality stable result サンプル間の比較し、安定した結果を得る Build up objective and commonality evaluation predicting model of Bridges Landscape 客観性・共通性のある橋梁景観の評価予測モデルの構築 Clear up points to focus in landscape design 景観設計における着目点を明確にする