第八課文法二 Chapter 8 Grammar 2

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Presentation transcript:

第八課文法二 Chapter 8 Grammar 2 Use of Short form in Japanese

Review of Sort Form When turning verbs into present-positive form, you keep the dictionary form: Ex: 飲む => 飲む When turning い-adj into short form you…keep it the same also. Ex. かわいい => かわいい When turning a noun + です or a な adjective into short form: JUST ADD だ at the end. (remove な first) EX. 元気な => 元気だ   ねこです。 => ねこだ。

NEGATIVE FORMS る VERBS Replace the final る with ない PRACTICE: Write into negative form: 1.みる 2.かける 3.わすれる 4.食べる う VERBS Replace the last “u” with –anai. (あない) PRACTICE: Write into Negative form: 1.すむ 2.はいる 3.うたう 4.ある

NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES い adj: replace the last い with ~くない PRACTICE 1.かわいい 2.やすい 3.みじかい な adj and noun + です: Replace な and end with ~じゃない PRACTICE 1.しずかな 2.いぬだ 3.しんせつな

But why use short forms? The most common reasons to use short form are: 1. Casual conversations 2. Using quoted speech (I think... S/he said…) 3. In making negative requests (Grammar 3)

Quoted Text To quote someone on what they’ve said or to mention what you think yourself about a subject, you use short form. THIS WILL ALWAYS BEGIN WITH THE PARTICLE と, the quotation particle. I (or he/she) said => と言う I (or he/she) thinks => と思う GUIDED PRACTICE: 1. I think that Su-san is going to Japan. (私は)スーさんは日本に行くと思います。 2. I heard Mary say there is a test tomorrow. (私は)メアリーさんは明日テストがある と言っていました。 3. I think that San Diego is not a quiet place. サンディエゴはしずかじゃないと思います。 4. Ken said that cat is so fat. ケンさんはあのねこはふっとていると言っ ていました。

Individual Practice Write the following into a sentence in Japanese” 1. You think that pizza is delicious. ピザはおいしいと思います。 2. Vya said that Eli needs yesterday’s notes. ビアさんは、エライさんが昨日のノートが いると言っていました。 3. Mom said to please clean up. 母はそうじてと言っていました。

Please note: In Japanese, you don’t say “I don’t think someone likes _____”. Thus, it’s incorrect to use と思いません。 It is more common to use ~ないと思う instead. “I don’t think Nelson likes cats” => “I think Nelson doesn’t like cats.” ネルソンさんはねこが好きと思いません。 ネルソンさんはねこが好きじゃないと思います。