Breastfeeding is better than bottle feeding :True or False?

Presentation on theme: "Breastfeeding is better than bottle feeding :True or False?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Breastfeeding is better than bottle feeding :True or False?
B16416 Mao Kamijo Good morning, everyone. This is quite sudden, but have you ever heard the recent news of liquid formula? Take a look this article.

2 Introduction According to asahi shinbun, Liquid formula was released in this august in japan. If things go smoothly, it will be sold after a year and a half. Liquid formula need not water, so it is useful at the time of disaster. However, some people are worried about the safety of liquid formula. Next, Let me talk about the recent situation of feeding. This figure shows the transition of how do parents feed the babies. Take a look. Asahi shimbun（2018a）

3 Introduction Figure1:The transition of how do parents feed the babies I would like to focus on here. According to MHLW, About half of mothers feed babies only breastmilk. On the other hand, mothers who use both breastfeeding and bottle feeding are about 40%. I talked about introduction of breastfeeding and bottle feeding. Let’s move on to today’s outline. MHLW(2015:3)

4 Outline This is today’s outline. Ok, Let’s move on to defining terms.
Introduction Defining terms True False Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion This is today’s outline. Ok, Let’s move on to defining terms. My academic presentation title is breastfeeding is better than bottle feeding: True or False?

5 Defining terms Title Breastfeeding is better than bottle feeding : True or False? Key words that need defining in title are breastfeeding, better and bottle feeding. First, I’ll define breastfeeding and bottle feeding.

6 Defining terms breastfeeding bottle feeding Breastfeeding is babies are given milk by mothers’ breast directly. On the other hand, bottle feeding is babies are given milk by using bottles. I focused on the action, not the contents. In other words, it doesn’t matter whether breast milk or formula milk. It is proved that mothers’ milk has more nutrition than formula, so I took notice of the action. Next is better. I think better is composed of three things, physically, financially and mentally.

7 Defining terms Better mentally physically financially
So, let’s paraphrase title. As I mentioned earlier, original title is Breastfeeding is better than bottle feeding :True or False? Paraphrased title is Does breastfeeding provide physical, financial and mental benefits for babies and parents than bottle feeding?

8 Defining terms Breastfeeding is better than bottle feeding : True or False? Does breastfeeding provide physical, financial and mental benefits for babies and parents than bottle feeding? In Japanese, 母乳哺育は、哺乳瓶哺育よりも身体的、経済的、精神的恩恵を、赤ちゃんと親に与えるのか？ I finished defining terms. Let’s move on to evidences of true.

9 Outline Introduction Defining terms True False Analysis of section 3
Conclusion I have two evidences of true.

10 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health
True 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health First is 3.1 Mother-child bond. This table shows the meaning of bringing up babies by breastfeeding. Take a look.

11 3.1 Mother-child bond Table1: The meaning of bringing up babies by breastfeeding This survey was conducted by hattori. I would like to focus on this phrase. When mothers do breastfeeding, they can touch babies’ boby directly. Thanks to breastfeeding, mothers can do skin ship with their babies and they feel more affection. Let’s back to definition. Hattori(2009:30)

12 Defining terms Better mentally physically financially
Therefore, Breastfeeding provides physical and mental benefits for mothers and babies.

13 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health
True 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health physically mentally I talked about 3.1 mother-child bond and put mentally and physically. Next is 3.2 mother and child’s health.

14 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health
True 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health Next figure shows female reproductive factors and risk of all-cause mortality by NCC. Take a look.

15 3.2 mother and child’s health
Highlight is here. breast feeding female has lower risk of all-cause mortality than non-breast feeding female. By the way, what diseases do non breastfeeding mothers and babies get easily? This list shows Risks of non breastfeeding mothers. Take a look. NCC(2018)

16 3.2 mother and child’s health
Risks of non breastfeeding mothers premenopausal breast cancer ovarian cancer retained gestational weight gain type 2 diabetes metabolic syndrome This information was quoted from PMC. Non breastfeeding mothers have risks of cancer, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and so on. Next, Let me touch on risks of non breastfeeding babies. PMC(2018)

17 3.2 mother and infant’s health
Risks of non breastfeeding babies Acute otitis media Asthma Diabetes Eczema Lower respiratory tract (lung) infections Obesity This information was quoted from D-H. Non breastfeeding babies have risks of asthma, diabetes, obesity and so on. So far, I’ve explained about benefits of breastfeeding and risks of non breastfeeding for mothers and babies. Let’s back to definitions. D-H(2018)

18 Defining terms Better mentally physically financially
Therefore, Breastfeeding provides a physical benefit for mothers and babies.

19 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health
True 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health physically mentally I talked about 3.2 mother and child’s health and put physically. I finished section3, two evidences of true. Next is evidences of false. physically

20 Outline Introduction Defining terms True False Analysis of section 3
Conclusion I have two evidences of false.

21 False 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
First is 4.1 Father-child bond. Let’s look at this table.

22 4.1 Father-child bond Highlight is here.
Table2:What fathers do after childbirth by four months This table shows What fathers do after childbirth by four months and was conducted by berd. Highlight is here. Over half of fathers do bottle feeding. How do they feel when they do bottle feeding? Let’s look this figure. BERD(2014:5)

23 4.1 Father-child bond Figure3:The change of after bottle feeding for fathers This figure shows the change of after bottle feeding for fathers. Pigeon did this survey in 2017. 70% of fathers answered “the affection toward babies are deepen” and about 60% of them answered “the consciousness as a father is higher”. Let’s back to definitions. Pigeon(2017)

24 Defining terms Better mentally physically financially
Like breastfeeding mothers, when fathers do bottle feeding, they can also touch babies’ boby directly and feel more affection. Therefore, bottle feeding provides physical and mental benefits for fathers and babies.

25 False 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
physically mentally I talked about 4.1 Father-child bond and put mentally and physically. Next is 4.2 flexibility for working mothers.

26 False 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
physically mentally I’ll introduce you the American low about expressing. Take a look.

27 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
2010年3月23日より、患者保護並びに医療費負担適正化法(the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act、通称オバマケア)は Fair Labor Standards Act(公正労働基準法)を改定し、 雇用主が 子育て中の母親に対し、 さく乳に必要な適切な休憩時間を提供することを要求する。 また本改定により、 雇用主にさく乳に必要な場所を提供することも要求する。 Highlight is here. According to DOL, employers have to provide time and places to expressing for mothers in America. By the way, what is expressing? In Japanese, 搾乳. DOL(2010)

28 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
さく乳（Expressing） Expressing means mothers express milk from their breast. Thanks to expressing, they can avoid to swell their breast. Moreover, they can save breast milk and feed babies later by bottles in breast milk. Some mothers express by their hands and the others use expressing machines like this picture. This picture are quoted from medela. In japan, some companies start to set up expressing room like America. Let’s look at this article. Medela(2018)

29 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
百五銀行（本店・津市岩田）が昨年９月から、本店など２棟に搾乳・ 授乳室の機能をもった行員向け保健室を社内に設置している。子育て中 の行員を支援するための一環。 同行広報課は「従業員の２割が２０～３０代女性。育休明けの行員が 復帰しやすい環境を整備したい」と話す。 同行など企業の間で従業員向け搾乳室を設置する動きについて、子育 て中の女性らも好意的に見る。共に育児休暇中の鈴鹿市中江島町、会社 員、浜本真衣さん（３３）と同市若松町、同、平井小百合さん（３７） は「こうした動きが広がれば、女性が働きやすくなる。出産後も仕事を 続けたい女性は多く、家族だけでなく国や企業も手厚くサポートしてほ しい」とさらなる充実を望んだ。 Mainichi shinbun published This article. Highlight is here. Working mothers think if expressing room increase, it is easy to work for them. Moreover, breastfeeding in public is not socially accepted in japan. Let’s look at another article. Mainichi shimbun（2016a）

30 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
This opinion was posted on asahi shinbun in 2017. Highlight is here. This graduate student was confused about breastfeeding in restaurants even mothers covered their breasts with capes. Some people don’t accept breastfeeding in public in japan like her. Therefore, bottle feeding is a much more realistic option in public. Let’s back to definitions. Asahi shimbun（2017）

31 Defining terms Better mentally physically financially
Thanks to bottle feeding, mothers can return to work and get salaries earlier. After returning to work, they are easy to work. Therefore, bottle feeding provide physical and financial benefits for mothers.

32 False 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
physically mentally I talked about 4.2 flexibility for working mothers and put physically and financially. I finished section4, two evidences of false. Next is analysis of section3. physically financially

33 Outline Introduction Defining terms True False Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion I’ve talked you two evidences of true. They’re 3.1 Mother-child bond and 3.2 mother and child’s health.

34 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health
5. Analysis of section 3 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health Let’s look at 3.1 Mother-child bond first.

35 3.1 Mother-child bond Table1: The meaning of bringing up babies by breastfeeding I’ve shown you this table before. Actually, this survey was done in Baby Friendly Hospital. What’s baby friendly hospital? I’ll introduce you the definition by 日本母乳の会. Hattori(2009:30)

36 5. Analysis of 3.1 Mother-child bond
Baby Friendly Hospital (赤ちゃんにやさしい病院) →WHO・ユニセフが定めた、 　「母乳育児を成功させるための10カ条」を 　長期にわたって尊守し、実践する産科施設 日本母乳の会(2010) Highlight is here. Baby Friendly Hospital encourages breastfeeding and isn’t an ordinary hospital. So, Do mothers in this hospital originally want to bring up babies by breastfeeding? Or Do they come to want to bring up babies by breastfeeding because this hospital encourages breastfeeding? Therefore, the results of survey is unbalanced. Next, Let’s look at a physical problem of breastfeeding.

37 5. Analysis of 3.1 Mother-child bond
Figure4:What’s your trouble about breast feeding? This Figure shows mothers’ trouble about breast feeding. It is quoted from milly. Highlight is here. Most mothers have physical trouble about breastfeeding. For example, the lack of sleep, the pain of breasts and so on. Let’s back to definitions. Milly(2018)

38 Defining terms Better mentally physically financially
The evidence of 3.1 Mother-child bond was proved breastfeeding provides physical and mental benefits for mothers and babies. However, This evidence is unbalanced and new evidence shows most mother have physical troubles due to breastfeeding. So, I’ll put バツ.

39 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health
5. Analysis of section 3 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health I finished Analysis of 3.1 Mother-child bond. Next is 3.2 mother and child’s health.

40 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health
5. Analysis of section 3 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health By the way, what percentage of mothers have trouble about breast feeding? Let’s look at this screen shot.

41 5. Analysis of 3.2 mother and child’s health
Highlight is here. According to NHK, about 80% of mothers have trouble about breast feeding, especially, the lack of breast milk. Let’s look at this opinion of a doctor. NHK(2016)

42 5. Analysis of 3.2 mother and child’s health
Highlight is here. Some mothers think too much about breastfeeding to live normally. What is worse, they will come to 産後鬱. Please read this article about 産後鬱. NHK(2016)

43 5. Analysis of 3.2 mother and child’s health
お母さん、自分を責めないで 主婦 高橋潤子（東京都 ５２） 妊産婦の死因で一番多いのが自殺だと聞いて胸が痛みました。それに至る気 持ちは、私にも覚えがあるからです。 二十数年前。母乳がなかなか出てくれず、授乳のたびに激しい罪悪感を覚え、 粉ミルクを嫌がる息子と一緒に泣いていました。当時は「マタニティーブ ルー」という言葉で軽く受け止められていたように思います。でも、真っ暗な トンネルが果てしなく続くようなあの気持ちは「産後うつ」だったのでしょう。 苦しんでいるお母さん。赤ちゃんは、目の前のあなたが大好きなのです。周 囲も「頑張ったね、今も頑張っているよね」と寄り添いながら、お母さんに なっていくのを待ってあげてくれませんか？ This opinion was posted on asahi shinbun in 2018. Highlight is here. She also overthought about breastfeeding and she might be 産後鬱. Let’s back to definitions. Asahi shimbun（2018b）

44 Defining terms Better mentally physically financially
The evidences of 3.2 mother and child’s health were proved breastfeeding provides a physical benefit for mothers and babies. Certainly, breastfeeding provides a physical benefit. However, new evidence shows most mothers also have troubles mentally because of breastfeeding. So, I’ll put 三角.

45 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health
5. Analysis of section 3 3.1 Mother-child bond 3.2 mother and child’s health I talked about the analysis of 3.2 mother and child’s health. I finished analysis of section3. Next is analysis of section4.

46 Outline I’ve talked you two evidences of false.
Introduction Defining terms True False Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion I’ve talked you two evidences of false. They’re 4.1 Father-child bond and 4.2 flexibility for working mothers.

47 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
6. Analysis of section 4 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers Let’s look at 4.1 Father-child bond first. Do you know this word, パタハラ？ Please read this article about パタハラ.

48 6. Analysis of 4.1 Father-child bond
「パタハラ」とは、 男性が育児をする権利や機会を侵害する言動を指す。 連合が１３年末に行った調査では、 子どもがいる男性の１１・６％がパタハラを受けた経験があり、 そのうち６割以上が誰にも相談せずに泣き寝入りしていたことが明らか になった。 This article was published by Mainichi shinbun in 2016. Highlight is here. Like マタハラ, some people don’t accept fathers take part in child care and interrupt it. Let‘s Look at this article. Mainichi shimbun（2016b）

49 6. Analysis of 4.1 Father-child bond
公共施設に皆が使える育児室を 無職 松本和子（長崎県 ７１） 「ミルクを飲ませたいから、他の来館者の迷惑にならないように授乳 室に入ったら、授乳中の女性から変な目で見られた。ミルクを飲ませる コーナーをつくってほしい」という声も寄せられた。 パパが荷物番をして、ママがおむつ替えをしにトイレに行くのは見慣 れた光景だったが、最近は、赤ちゃんを抱っこしたパパひとりの姿を見 受けることも多くなった。 介護にも育児にも、男性の関与が求められる時代になった。ひとりで おむつ替えをしたり、哺乳瓶でミルクを飲ませたりする「イクメン」も 増えている。不特定多数が利用する施設には、男性も使いやすい育児室 のようなものをもっと設置する必要がありそうだ。 This opinion was posted on asahi shinbun in 2018. Highlight is here. Some people still think child care is a roll of mothers, so when fathers take part in feeding, some of them can’t do it comfortably. So, Let’s think about evaluation. The evidences of 4.1 Father-child bond were proved breastfeeding provides mental and physical benefits for fathers and babies. On the other hand, new evidence shows if fathers try to take part in the feeding, some of them sometimes feel uncomfortable. Compered these two evidences, good effects of bottle feeding are bigger than bad effect of it for fathers and babies. So, I’ll put 丸. Asahi shimbun（2018c）

50 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
6. Analysis of section 4 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers I finished Analysis of 4.1 Father-child bond. Next is 4.2 flexibility for working mothers.

51 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
6. Analysis of section 4 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers Let’s look at this figure.

52 6. Analysis of 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
Figure5: working mothers’ expressing places in their office This figure shows working mothers’ expressing places in their office in japan. Medela researched it in 2015. Highlight is here. Most of them do expressing in rooms where are not only for expressing. Moreover, How do mothers feel expressing in workplace? Let’s look at next figures. Medela(2015:8)

53 6. Analysis of 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
Figure6:How do mothers feel expressing in workplace Highlight is here. About half of mothers feel uncomfortable when they do expressing because of shame and surroundings. Let’s back to definitions. Medela(2015:11)

54 Defining terms Better mentally physically financially
The evidences of 4.2 flexibility for working mothers were proved breastfeeding provides physical and financial benefits for mothers. However, new evidence shows there are few expressing rooms in workplaces and most mother feel uncomfortable when they do expressing there. So, I’ll put 三角.

55 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers
6. Analysis of section 4 4.1 Father-child bond 4.2 flexibility for working mothers I talked about the analysis of 4.2 flexibility for working mothers. I finished analysis of section4. Let‘s move on to conclusion.

56 Outline Let‘s briefly summarize what we’ve looked at. Introduction
Defining terms True False Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion Let‘s briefly summarize what we’ve looked at.

57 7.Conclusion True False The results of evaluation are here.
So, the answer is

58 Breastfeeding isn’t better than bottle feeding.
Let’s back to outline.

59 Outline Introduction Defining terms True False Analysis of section 3
Conclusion This is today’s outline. Take a look.

60 Thank you for listening!