日本語の文法 文型(ぶんけい）をおぼえよう！ 日本語の文法 文型(ぶんけい）をおぼえよう！
Do you do…? Would you like do…? ～ますか Do you do…? Would you like do…?
～ませんか Why don’t we do…?
～ましょう Let’s do…!
～ましょうか Shall we do…?
～て、 serial actions
～ています（１） action in progress
～ています（２） 会社ではたらいています to tell what one does
to tell the state/situation of a person/thing ～ています（３） けっこんしています to tell the state/situation of a person/thing
～ている人 a person who is … そこで寝ている人は、だれですか。
action has not been done yet まだ～ていません action has not been done yet
to tell someone to do things ～てください to tell someone to do things
to ask someone to do things (semi-polite) ～てくれませんか to ask someone to do things (semi-polite)
to ask someone to do things (polite) ～ていただけませんか to ask someone to do things (polite)
I’ve done … before (experience) ～たことがあります I’ve done … before (experience)
You had better do… (giving an advice) ～たほうがいいです（よ） You had better do… (giving an advice)
I’ll do this and that… so on ～たり～たりします I’ll do this and that… so on
to tell someone not to do things ～ないでください to tell someone not to do things
～なければなりません ～なくてはなりません I have to do… (obligation)
～なくちゃ! ～なきゃ! I have to do… (casual)
～なくてもいいです You don’t have to do…
(Dic) のが好きです I like doing…
(Dic) のはたいへんです It is difficult to do…
(Dic) ことができます I can do…
(Dic) 前に before doing…
(Stem) たいです I want to do…
(Stem) に行きます I’ll go to do…
(Stem) やすいです It’s easy to do…
He/she seems to do… He/she is about to do… (observation) (Stem) そうです He/she seems to do… He/she is about to do… (observation)
(Stem) はじめました I began to do…
(Stem) つづけました I continued doing…
(Stem) おわりました I finished doing…
(Stem) すぎました I did … too much
(Stem) ながら while doing…
May I do…? (Asking permission) ～てもいいですか May I do…? (Asking permission)
You may do … (giving permission) ～てもいいです You may do … (giving permission)
You may not do… You are not allowed to do… ～てはいけません You may not do… You are not allowed to do…
～てほしいです I want you to do…
～てあります …is written
I’ll do… to prepare for future convenience ～ておきます I’ll do… to prepare for future convenience
I will try doing… (to see if I like it / to see how it’s like) ～てみます I will try doing… (to see if I like it / to see how it’s like)
～てしまいます I’ll finish doing…
Mistakenly / unfortunately I did… ～てしまいました Mistakenly / unfortunately I did…
(Dic) ことにしました I decided to do…
(Nai) ことにしました I decided not to do…
It was decided that I will do… (Dic) ことになりました It was decided that I will do…
It was decided that I will not do… (Nai) ことになりました It was decided that I will not do…
(Dic) つもりです I intend to do…
(Nai) つもりです I intend not to do…
It is said that he/she will do… (Dic) らしいです It is said that he/she will do…
It is said that he/she will not do… (Nai) らしいです It is said that he/she will not do…
I heard that you/he/she will do… (Dic)そうです I heard that you/he/she will do…
I heard that you/he/she will not do… (Nai)そうです I heard that you/he/she will not do…
It seems that he/she will do… (Dic) みたいです It seems that he/she will do…
It seems that he/she will not do… (Nai) みたいです It seems that he/she will not do…
It seems that he/she will do… (Dic) ようです It seems that he/she will do…
It seems that he/she will not do… (Nai) ようです It seems that he/she will not do…
I think I/he/she will do… (Dic) と思います I think I/he/she will do…
I think I/he/she will not do… (Nai) と思います I think I/he/she will not do…
(Dic) だろうと思います (Dic) でしょう (casual) Probably I/he/she will do…
Probably I/he/she will not do… (Nai) だろうと思います Probably I/he/she will not do…
(Dic) かもしれません I might do…
(Nai) かもしれません I might not do…
(Dic) ようです serial actions
I don’t know whether I/he/she will do… or not (Dic) かどうかわかりません I don’t know whether I/he/she will do… or not
I guess I/he/she will do… (Dic) んじゃないかと思います I guess I/he/she will do…
I guess I/he/she will not do… (Nai) んじゃないかと思います I guess I/he/she will not do…
(Dic) ように言いました I told him/her to do…
I told him/her not to do… (Nai) ように言いました I told him/her not to do…
I tried to do… (but I didn’t do yet) (Volitional) としました I tried to do… (but I didn’t do yet)
(Volitional)と思っています I’m planning to do…
(Volitional)かと（も）思いました I thought it might be a good idea to do..
(Imperative)と言われれば～します It it’s ordered to do so, I will do…
(Imperative)と言われても～しません Even if it’s ordered to do so, I will not do…
(Noun) によると、 according to …
as…, for… Ex. アメリカ人として誇りに思います。 I am proud of myself as an American. (Noun) として as…, for… Ex. アメリカ人として誇りに思います。 I am proud of myself as an American.
(Noun) ばかり only …
N2 like N１ Ex.家族のような友達 a friend like my family (Noun１) のような (Noun２) N2 like N１ Ex.家族のような友達 a friend like my family
only, nothing but… Ex.肉しか食べません。 I eat nothing but meat. (Noun) しか only, nothing but… Ex.肉しか食べません。 I eat nothing but meat. We often add だけ (means ‘only’) and say 肉だけしか食べません。
(Noun) ほど + neg V (not) as ~ as Ex.日本語は去年ほどむずかしくない。 Japanese is not as difficult as it was last year.
(Noun) について about …