SEAMEO CELLL（Ho Chi Minh City） ２０１4. 11 SEAMEO CELLL（Ho Chi Minh City） ２０１4.11.24～25 Conference on Community Learning Centers (Kominkan) What can Lifelong Learning benefit from Community Education Centers ? -Japanese Postwar Experience- 　Professor Teuchi Akitoshi (University of Tsukuba)

Ⅰ. Popularity of Community Learning Centers (Kominkan) Kominkan figures: Number of Kominkan: 17,143 Other social education facilities: +Libraries: 2,979 +Museums: 1,196 Compulsory education: + Elementary schools: 22,476 + Secondary schools: 10,915

Popularity of Community Education Centers (Kominkan) Kominkan figures: Number of Kominkan: 17,143 Other social education facilities: +Libraries: 2,979 +Museums: 1,196 Compulsory education: + Elementary schools: 22,476 + Secondary schools: 10,915

Number of Kominkan in recent years

Number of Kominkan in recent years

Blue: Full time Red: In concurrent employment Green: Contracted

Blue: Full time Red: In concurrent employment Green: Contracted

Blue: Participants in courses/classes Red: Group Participants Green: Individual Participants Violet: Participants in associations, societies

Blue: Participants in courses/classes Red: Group Participants Green: Individual Participants Violet: Participants in associations, societies

Ⅱ.公民館構想 寺中作雄『公民館の建設』（1946年）ー新しい町村の文化施設 ORIGIN OF COMMUNITY LEARNING CENTERS (CLC) The idea of establishing CLCs in Japan was not initiated by the Misnistry of Culture. From chaotic postwar times rose a burning desire in everyone’s heart to change the existing situation and look forward to a complete reconstruction. Hence the idea of establishing CLCs took shape as a matter of course. What the Ministry really did was satisfy the public demand. The fostering of a vital cultural center close to everyone’s heart relies on the enthusiasm and efforts made by each locality. 　「公民館の構想は文部省の創案にかかるものではない。終戦後の混乱たる世相の中から、これではいけない、何とかせねばならぬとして起き上がろうとする人々の胸の中に期せずして湧き上る鬱勃たる建設の意欲が漠然と公民館を求める心となったのである。文部省の示した構想は、これらの人々の欲求に応える為の一つのイメージに過ぎない。このイメージに血を通わせ、肉を付け、活きた文化施設として育てるのはひとえに町村民の熱意と努力に俟つものである。」

ORIGIN OF COMMUNITY EDUCATION CENTERS (CEC) The idea of establishing CLCs in Japan was not initiated by the Misnistry of Culture. From chaotic postwar times rose a burning desire in everyone’s heart to change the existing situation and look forward to a complete reconstruction. Hence the idea of establishing CLCs took shape as a matter of course. What the Ministry really did was satisfy the public demand. The fostering of a vital cultural center close to everyone’s heart relies on the enthusiasm and efforts made by each locality.

REGULATIONS ON CLC ESTABLISHMENT 公民館設置要綱（1946年7月15日） REGULATIONS ON CLC ESTABLISHMENT 公民館は全国の各町村に設置せられ、此処に常時に町村民が打ち集まって談論し読書し、生活上産業上の指導を受けお互の交友を深める場所である。それはいわば郷土における公民学校、図書館、博物館、公会堂、町村民集会所、産業指導所などの機能を兼ねた文化教養の機関である。 A CLC, established in a ward, district, county nationwide, is where local people can get together, discuss things, read books, make friends and get advice on work experience. It may also be regarded as a cultural facility-cum-public school, a library, museum, meeting hall, in general a place where knowledge is obtained.

REGULATIONS ON CEC ESTABLISHMENT A CEC, established in a ward, district, county nationwide, is where local people can get together, discuss things, read books, make friends and get advice on work experience. It may also be regarded as a cultural facility-cum-public school, a library, museum, meeting hall, in general a place where knowledge is obtained.

公民館構想ー寺中構想ー CLC Model CLC is a democratic social education facility.

CEC Model CEC is a democratic social education facility.

CLC is where local people socialize over a cup of tea. CLC is where local people come close together emotionally.

CEC is where local people socialize over a cup of tea CEC is where local people socialize over a cup of tea. CEC is where local people come close together emotionally.

A Driving Force for Work Efficiency Instructions on side-jobs Exchanging experience in product improvement Instructions on new technology Exchanging means of production Exploring new lines of work A Driving Force for Work Efficiency

A Driving Force for Work Efficiency Instructions on working on the side (side-jobs) Exchanging experience in product improvement Instructions on new technology Exchanging means of production Exploring new lines of work

Kominkan is where the idea of democracy (human rights) is fostered.

Kominkan is where the idea of democracy (human rights) is fostered.

Kominkan is where intercultural activities take place.

Kominkan is where intercultural activities take place.

Kominkan is the lever of new rural development

Kominkan is the lever of new rural development

Social Education Approaches and Kominkan Ⅲ．社会教育法（1949年）と公民館 Social Education Approaches and Kominkan 公民館は、市町村その他一定区域内の住民のために、実際生活に即する教育、学術、及び文化に関する各種の事業を行い、もって住民の教養の向上、健康の増進、情操の純化を図り、生活文化の振興、社会福祉の増進に寄与することを目的とする Kominkan carries out a wide variety of activities related to education, technology, culture which are of practical relevance to local life. Kominkan is established to contribute to enhancing education, promoting physical fitness, forging good conduct (ethical values), revitalizing cultural life, and improving social welfare for local people.

Social Education Approaches and Kominkan Kominkan carries out a wide variety of activities related to education, technology, culture which are of practical relevance to local life. Kominkan is established to contribute to enhancing education, promoting physical fitness, forging good conduct (ethical values), revitalizing cultural life, and improving social welfare for local people.

社会教育施設としての公民館 Kominkan is regarded as a social education establishment １）住民の学習権の保障、住民自治の形成 ２）公民館は市町村の施設（社会教育法第2条） 3）公民館運営への住民参加 公民館に公民館運営審議会を置くことがで きる（社会教育法第29条） Ensures the right to education for local people, forming a sense of self-governing in the community Belongs to wards, towns (Article 2, Social Education Law) Encourages local people to participate in Kominkan operations.

Kominkan is regarded as a social education establishment Ensures the right to education for local people, forming a sense of self-governing in the community Belongs to wards, towns (Article 2, Social Education Law) Encourages local people to participate in Kominkan operations.

公民館運営審議会 公民館 公民館長 調査審議 諮問 公民館運営審議会 学校教育関係者 学識経験者 社会教育関係者 家庭教育関係者 委嘱 市町村教育委員会

Kominkan is regarded as a starting point of life improvement movement Ⅳ．生活改善運動の拠点としての公民館 Kominkan is regarded as a starting point of life improvement movement 　日本が第二次大戦後の復興に成功した鍵は、経済状況の変化を受け止めるだけの社会的素地が作り上げられていたことに求められる。 　日本の農村社会の隅々にまで経済成長の果実を受け止める素地を用意した「社会開発」政策の一つが「生活改善運動」であった。 Japan’s key to success after World War II was the formation of a social structure adaptable to economic changes. One of the policies on social development was to prepare a solid foundation on which economic achievements were able to penetrate each and every corner of Japanese rural life, which is “a starting point of life improvement movement”

Kominkan is regarded as a starting point of life improvement movement Japan’s key to success after World War II was the formation of a social structure adaptable to economic changes. One of the policies on social development was to prepare a solid foundation on which economic achievements were able to penetrate each and every corner of Japanese rural life, which is “a starting point of life improvement movement”

The wood stove improves rural life 農村生活の改善ーかまどー The wood stove improves rural life

Cooking Fire – Improving rural life

台所の改善 Kitchen Improvement

Kitchen Improvement

V. Kominkan system và funding Ⅴ.公民館のシステムと財源 V. Kominkan system và funding Kominkan (Main office) – Kominkan Local office (Teaching staff Headquarters) Branch office (directly under local office): Director Branch office funding: self-sustaining <Our Kominkan>

V. Kominkan system và funding Kominkan (Main office) – Kominkan Local office (Teaching staff Headquarters) Branch office (directly under local office): Director Branch office funding: self-sustaining <Our Kominkan>

Distribution of Kominkan Funding (1950 survey by the Ministry of Education) City grants: 71,4% Income from Kominkan operations: 11,7% Town grants: 2,9% Other Incomes: 2% State grants: 0,2% Funding from associations, societies: 16% Fundraising: 4.5% Kinh phí từ hội duy trì: 5.7%

Income from Kominkan operations: 11,7% Town grants: 2,9% Distribution of Kominkan Funding (1950 survey by the Ministry of Education) City grants: 71,4% Income from Kominkan operations: 11,7% Town grants: 2,9% Other Incomes: 2% State grants: 0,2% Funding from associations, societies: 16% Fundraising: 4.5% Kinh phí từ hội duy trì: 5.7%

公民館の歳出（1950年文部省調査） Distribution of Kominkan Expenditure (1950 survey by the Ministry of Education) Operating costs: 28.4% Admin costs: 6.2% Investments in equipment: 22.5% Personnel costs: 23.5% Others: 19% Average Kominkan expenditure is calculated by cities nationwide

Investments in equipment: 22.5% Personnel costs: 23.5% Others: 19% Distribution of Kominkan Expenditure (1950 survey by the Ministry of Education) Operating costs: 28.4% Admin costs: 6.2% Investments in equipment: 22.5% Personnel costs: 23.5% Others: 19% Average Kominkan expenditure is calculated by cities nationwide

Kominkan Expenditure in K. city (2013) 2% from state grants 98% covered by organizations, associations…

Kominkan Expenditure in K. city (2013) 2% from state grants 98% covered by organizations, associations…

Ⅵ.公民館の機能 VI. Kominkan Functions Kominkan connections Organizations with legal entity National Kominkan Association Establishing national Kominkan Association Conducting seminars, surveys Publishing, editing Kominkan journals Honoring Kominkan staff members Organizing Kominkan conferences in all cities/towns (nationwide: 47) Offering training courses Kominkan established by wards, districts, counties Approximately 80.000 kominkan managed by municipalities

VI. Kominkan Functions Kominkan connections Organizations with legal entity National Kominkan Association Establishing national Kominkan Association Conducting seminars, surveys Publishing, editing Kominkan journals Honoring Kominkan staff members Organizing Kominkan conferences in all cities/towns (nationwide: 47) Offering training courses Kominkan established by wards, districts, counties Approximately 80.000 kominkan managed by municipalities

Kominkan: The base for Community Establishment 公民館：コミュニティ形成の拠点 Kominkan: The base for Community Establishment 集う 行政機関 学ぶ 館長 コミュニティ形成 （公民館） 結ぶ 主事 Administrative body Gathering Learning community establishment Connecting Director 地域住民・自治組織・NPO Standing vice-director 教育機関 Local people, self-governing organizations, nonprofit organizations Education Organizations

Kominkan: The base for Community Establishment Gathering　　　　　　　 Administrative body行CoCO6CO政機関　　　 Learning　　　　　　Director 　community establishment 　　　　　　　　　　（Kominkan）　　　　 Connecting　　　　　　permanent vice-director　　　　　 Education Offices　　　 Local people, self-sustaining organizations, nonprofit organizations　　　　　　　　　　　

Tasks required of Kominkan staff 公民館職員に求められる役割 Tasks required of Kominkan staff １） 学級・講座を計画し、教育内容を編成していく企画力・立案の能力、技法。 ２）地域の住民と直接触れ合い、住民のニーズを把握し、学習を組織化するコミュニティ・ワーカーとしての役割。 Making lesson plans for each level of study, being professionally capable of preparing training/education programs Communicating directly with local people, recognizing their needs, working as a specialist in community education to organize appropriate learning courses

Tasks required of Kominkan staff Making lesson plans for each level of study, being professionally capable of preparing training/education programs Communicating directly with local people, recognizing their needs, working as a specialist in community education to organize appropriate learning courses