Japanese Culture: Invented or Original? October 31th, 2017 B16456 Mai Takara

Outline Introduction Defining Terms Invented Original Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion

Outline Introduction Defining Terms Invented Original Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion

Japanese Culture 文化庁

Outline Introduction Defining Terms Invented Original Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion

Outline Introduction Defining Terms Invented Original Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion

2. Defining Terms Invented Original influence uniqueness

Japanese Culture: Invented or Original Are the cultures being influenced on other countries cultures? Or, are they the one that are affecting others with their one uniqueness?

Outline Introduction Defining Terms Invented Original Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion

3. Invented 3.1 Historical link to Buddhism. 3.2 Two examples of being influenced by other countries. Kabuki and Sado

3.1 Historical link to Buddhism. 日本の中世は中国大陸から宗教や民俗信仰、芸能が大量にはいりこんできた時代である。もっとも顕著なあらわれは、中国仏教の影響下に、浄土宗・浄土真宗・臨済宗・曹洞宗・日蓮宗などの鎌倉新仏教が誕生したことであろうが、それだけにとどまらず、民俗信仰や民俗芸能の分野でも大陸から影響をつよくうけていた。 influence Historical Background Kabuki no Genryu 2000: 8

3.2 Examples 1. Kabuki

3.2 Examples Japan was one of the Asian countries that were influenced by the Indian art, music and dance. Nearly 1300 years ago, one of the oldest form of dance called Bugaku, roots its origination from India, through Tibet and China along with the spread of Buddhism. ……The dramatic expression through gestures, facial expression and movements for the sung words provides more evidence on the Indian influence. There are many similarities between Indian and Japanese dances and these can be seen even in Kabuki. Kurup 2011

3.2 Examples 2. Sado Drinking of green tea was known in China from the fourth century. Tea plants didn’t grow in Japan until the first seeds were brought from China during the Tang dynasty (China 618-907), when relations and cultural exchanges between the two countries reached a peak. Japanese-tea-ceremony.net 2011 日本の茶道のルーツは、中国の徑山寺での茶事である、というのが中国で定説となってきている。中国から伝わり、日本で「茶道」として完成された。その影響を受けながら、台湾で２０年ほど前に始まった中国の現代「茶藝」。 Asahi Digital 2009

influence 3.2 Examples China India Buddhism ◯Kabuki ・Similar to “Kathakali”. ・Has Indian influence on the art of expressions. ◯Sado ・No tea plants in Japan before being brought from China. ・Different form of enjyoing the tea. influence India China Historical Background Buddhism

Outline Introduction Defining Terms Invented Original Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion

4. Original 4.1 Japanese Manga and Anime 4.2 Emoji

4.1 Japanese Manga and Anime 1.Origin of Manga “Chojyu-giga” (“Scrolls of Frolicking Animals”), a series of drawings of frogs, rabbits and other animals produced in the 12th and 13th centuries by several artists, is widely believed to be the first manga in Japan. Japan Times 2009

4.1 Japanese Manga and Anime uniqueness

4.2 Emoji 1998 NTT DoCoMo i-mode emoji 1998 Kurita Shigetaka

4.2 Emoji

uniqueness influence 4.2 Emoji ◯Manga, Anime ・Unique characters. ・Influence others. ◯Emoji ・Unique ・Influence others. uniqueness influence

Outline Introduction Defining Terms Invented Original Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion

influence 5. Analysis of Invented China India Buddhism ◯Kabuki ・Similar to “Kathakali”. ・Has Indian influence on the art of expressions. ◯Sado ・No tea plants in Japan before being brought from China. ・Different form of enjyoing the tea. influence India China Historical Background Buddhism

5. Analysis of Invented Still very popular among Japanese and abroad.

5. Analysis of Invented Influence 日本の茶道のルーツは、中国の徑山寺での茶事である、というのが中国で定説となってきている。中国から伝わり、日本で「茶道」として完成された。その影響を受けながら、台湾で２０年ほど前に始まった中国の現代「茶藝」。 Asahi Digital 2009 Influence

5. Analysis of Invented  巨大な中華文明も西欧文明も、日本の在来文化を圧倒して腰を下ろしたのではなく、基本的には日本文化に消化・吸収されていったというほうが正確である。これを日本化といえば、日本化の働きとは文化に新しい可能性を加え、さらなる発展への道を導き出していく不思議な文化再生作用だともいえるだろう。 Influence O Sonfa 2012

Outline Introduction Defining Terms Invented Original Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion

uniqueness influence 6. Analysis of Original ◯Manga, Anime ・Unique characters. ・Influence others. ◯Emoji ・Unique ・Influence others. uniqueness influence

uniqeness 6. Analysis of Original Over the course of his career, Tezuka would create more than 700 manga (comics) totaling more than 150,000 pages. He would earn the moniker “God of Manga.” And, incredibly, the work of Walt Disney would prove to be one of his strongest influences. The Movie Blog 2013 uniqeness A single animator, Osamu Tezuka, is credited with founding the anime genre. Profoundly influenced by the works of Disney animators, Tezuka also established large heads and eyes as trademark features of anime characters. The Movie Blog 2013

6. Analysis of Original NTT DoCoMo created a set of pictograms for its i-mode mobile Internet platform. Shigetaka Kurita inspired from weather forecasts symbols and manga emoticons came up with a set of 172 12×12 pixel 絵文字 (Emoji) to facilitate users to express emotions in their day to day communications. Also similar to emoticons/ kaomoji  Medium 2016

Outline Introduction Defining Terms Invented Original Analysis of section 3 Analysis of section 4 Conclusion

Original Invented Original 7. Conclusion ・Historical background ・Indian and Chinese influence ・Ability to remake it ・Influencing each other ・Uniqueness ・Influence ・Historical background Original

Thank You